fashion of the 1920s essays

style of the 1920's papers The 1920s, a period that saw sensational changes in dress, was maybe the first current decade of the twentieth century. The corseted lady of the earlier decade, with her limp skirts and enormous caps, looked as though she originated from a different universe when contrasted with the advanced lady of the 1920s. The outcome was extraordinary. Popular 1920s female body advanced from the extravagantly cut dress with its high midriff position and lower leg length skirt toward the start, to the straightforward, barely designed, indistinct tube with a hip level waistline and a skirt scarcely covering the knees toward the finish of the decade. The commencement of the new design blast all started with their adjustment in social angles and perspectives alongside their better approach forever. The womens autonomy development of the 1920s brought about an emotional change in dress as appeared by the longing to look energetic, innocent, level chested, and simultaneously need her freedom and The 1920s was the new decade of the century. This was the Jazz Age, the time of the flappers. 1920s opened with a blast of shading, crying sounds, quick rhythms of jazz, and fiery moving. Everybody was into learning the most recent move, the Charleston. It was demeanor, a time of idealism, an energetic response against the dull and genuine garments. These were the days to revolt. From 1920-1930, the world was one major gathering, suitably portrayed by the expression The Roaring Twenties. (Presley,p3) Ladies gradually started joining communist partys with the impact of expanding nearby communist womens associations and a national magazine of that day, Socialist Woman. One significant inquiry, which emerged to numerous womens minds was, when monetary base of sexual abuse was revised, would fairness follow? (Zinn,p45) That contention got more keen as the women&apo... <!

Theories of Democracy - Against Human Rights Essay - 2

Hypotheses of Democracy - Against Human Rights - Essay Example Indeed, even wars based on compassionate grounds ought to be maintained a strategic distance from to forestall loss of lives and the nonappearance of social relativism in a portion of the countries that are known to bear the set thoughts and standards of various areas. As indicated by Ã… ½iÃ¥ ¾ek, human rights are characterized as practicing the opportunity to pick any given thing without damaging the opportunity privileges of others, regardless of whether it implies resisting war. Strangely, Ã… ½iÃ¥ ¾ek is steady of compassionate mediations just so far as they are discovered ensuring and helping human life. Despite the fact that he isn't amped up for helpful obstruction by and large, he feels that such mediations ought to be defended. Independent of the convictions of the individuals in a specific country, their lives must be secured and upheld regarding its ideas and measures. A genuine majority rules system will consistently hang out in its capacity to guard its residents. Opportunity and Democracy are critical rights, referenced by the essayist, ought to be executed even at home in a country that supports such rights. It is essential to take note of that there is nothing all inclusive about â€Å"right.† There is more than one approach to completing things and this is clear in the shifted social points of view, unmistakable world highlights, novel customs and social IDs. Ã… ½iÃ¥ ¾ek calls attention to that it isn't right to disregard the distinctions remarkable to changed races. A ton of distress and clashes on the planet emerge when countries attempt to force their method of following up on different countries and this, thusly, produces war as opposed to harmony. Prejudice towards different people’s perspectives is the primary harming power that debases nations.â

Water Purification New Technologies that Might Change the World

Water Purification New Technologies that Might Change the World © Shutterstock.com | Aaron AmatWater, or to be precise, clean water is the elixir of life. Pure water is not just essential to public health but also to energy and agricultural production. Unfortunately, there is not enough drinking water to meet the requirements of all the people in the world. The good news is there are a lot of new and upcoming technologies for advanced water purification. This article discusses 1) water purification the need of the hour, 2) some of the latest inventions (2013 and 2014) in water purification technologies, and 3) other advancements in water purification technologies.WATER PURIFICATION THE NEED OF THE HOURIt is true that the water that flows out of taps in the majority of countries now is safe and clean. However, there is still cause to be worried. Here are some eye-opening facts:As per a 2012 United Nations Study, 11 percent of the global population (that’s 783 million people) as yet don’t have access to potable water.Owing to the fact that peo ple utilize water for activities such as washing and waste disposal, and irrigating crops, it is easy for sources of water near a human population to get contaminated.By 2025, there will a major shortage of clean water in places such as Africa, India, China and The Middle East.So many people contract water-borne disease owing to contamination of the water by disease-causing microbes or pathogens. SOME OF THE LATEST INVENTIONS (2013 AND 2014) IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIESHigh tech materials with sunlightAs of March 2014, a team under Anne Morrisey from Dublin City University had come up with a new technology with which they hoped to deliver an easy water purifying system which utilizes sunlight. The system incorporates a cocktail of two ingredients TiO2 (catalyst) and graphene. A catalyst is something that quickens a reaction without being utilized itself, but which usually relies on UV light. The group found the best TiO2 shape which would enable it to be active in visible lig ht, and so, useful. The sticky graphene catches the pollutants as they flow through, thereby increasing their proximity to the TiO2 catalyst.The system was not created to be a first-line purification system. Instead, it can be used to rid water of stubborn and harmful molecules following the former’s treatment by typical methods. There is hope that the system could remove pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other possibly damaging pollutants from water to make it fit for consumption. It being sunlight-powered, the system is a simple solution to a major problem. Altering existing purification systems to remove residual compounds is not feasibly owing to the high expense involved. Ideally, the system would be so made as to suit water pipes in zones where water treatments on a large scale are not yet practical.Aquaporins for UPW (ultrapure water) in an energy efficient  wayThere is a growing industrial thirst for “ultrapure” water (UPW) but, unfortunately, water filtration methods p rove to be very unsustainable and energy consuming. Enter Aquaporin, the winner of the European inventor award 2014. The invention uses the natural movement of water between single cells in nature and the features of the proteins assisting this movement. The proteins termed aquaporins, enable water to move between cell membranes, while obstructing the passage of contaminants such as minerals and salts. The inventors included this principle in a “biomembrane” technology.The usual water filtration methods guide contaminated water through a set of increasingly fine-pored filters at powerful pressures; a greatly energy-consuming process, more complicated by the possibility of pores becoming clogged. With respect to the new invention, it utilizes the process of “forward osmosis” for carrying water molecules through a membrane involving aquaporins merged in a backing layer.The Aquaporin filters are already delivering an energy-saving technique for purifying water into the ultra pu re state for industrial applications. The next step would involve the technology being applied to large-scale purification plants to purify industrial wastewater and desalinate seawater â€" a major contribution to drinking water supplies across the globe. The UPW got from the Aquaporin membrane is suitable for the photovoltaic and semiconductor industries, where even the minutest of particles could harm components in the nanometer range. Aquavus technology â€" ultrasound waves for water desalination and purificationUK engineers and scientists invented Aquavus, a superior system that can be utilized to purify and desalinate ocean water with ultrasound waves. According to the CFO of the Aquavus team, one unit of the purification system can treat 3000l  (approximately 800 gallons) of water each day. The former lead manager of NSAU (National Space Agency of Ukraine) leads the global R D team for Aquavus, which encompasses specialists from Ukraine and other ex-USSR countries. He further said that the system utilizes powerful ultrasound to explode unclean water into particles of a size below ten microns. The microparticles evaporate and condense, resulting in pure water. A microorganism to eat the pollutantsA research and development company in Ontario, Canada is modifying the way waste water is treated. As of August 2014, the company â€" Noble Purification was rolling out a filtration system (The Euglena BioFiltration System) utilizing a microorganism that consumed pollutants in water. The first system was to be installed in Peterborough.By way of research that the now CEO of the company carried out for the Canada Wide Science Fair when still in high school, Adam Noble discovered Euglena’s capability to treat waste water. A recent breakthrough revealed that Euglena can absorb a number of carried pollutants in water, ranging from phosphates to lead. The system works by producing a controlled algae bloom within waste water and then “fooling” the Euglena into a bsorbing heavy metals, minerals, pollutants and nutrients from the environment. As of September, 2014, the company was planning to then convert the Euglena biomass resulting from the system into biofuel, fertilizer, and food.This year, the company hoped to finish the first large-scale Euglena BioFiltration model with its partners â€" The Centre for Alternative Wastewater Treatment, Drain Brother’ Excavating and The City of Peterborough. The model would treat around 100,000 liters of waste water each day at the Peterborough Waste Water Treatment Plant and would sequester around 32 tons of CO2 from the atmosphere. Noble Purification also announced the start of a Euglena Research Program (ERP) at Trent University. This program is designed to be a joint venture that would bring together the combined abilities of Trent researchers and students to better comprehend the unharnessed potential of Euglena. This would assist with enhancing the effectiveness of the purification technology and present a chance to sequence its genome.TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS Fine Particle FilterThe TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS Fine Particle Filter from Dow Water Process Solutions (DW PS) assists with processing a wide variety of difficult, high-solids water. This provides a cost-efficient solution for wastewater treatment in manifold industry verticals, ranging from industrial wastewater treatment and reuse applications in the pulp and paper, food and beverage, laundry and textiles market to mobile water treatment systems and oil and gas applications.According to the business unit director for filtration at DWPS, the TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS filter assists customers with bringing down their cost of ownership by way of higher uptime and water recovery, and lower consumables and maintenance. This is in addition to decreased surcharges for waste disposal from local treatment plants. RD Magazine recognized the invention as a revolutionary solution for treating difficult, high-solids water.With its patented design, the system blends the power of cross-flow filtration with centrifugal separation and solids collection and continuous cleaning into a single device. Distinguishing itself from other technologies, the system consistently treats water holding total suspended solids (TSS) of a maximum of 10,000 mg/L even in the presence of oils, fats, fibers and greases, and in changing conditions without continuous plugging, all while providing a water recovery that is usually 99 percent or more.Features such as low to no chemical requirements, decreased consumables and water waste, minimal maintenance and high water recovery of the TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS Fine Particle Filter help decrease impact on the environment, while providing for better operator safety. Treatment of hospital wastewater with Grundfos technologyAn experimental plant in Denmark utilizing Grundfos technology cleansed a Danish hospital’s wastewater of medicinal and biological residues that typical sewage treatment is unable to handle. The project deals with a global problem. This is a great achievement considering that hospital wastewater is dangerous to both human health and marine life. With respect to humans, hospital wastewater is particularly hazardous for the staff at wastewater treatment plants. In the course of heavy rains and flooding, holding tanks in the sewer system may overflow. Regarding marine life, following treatment of sewage, it is released into environment in addition to its residual content of pharmaceuticals and pathogens, putting the local fauna habitually at risk. Even minute concentrations of the substances in hospital wastewater can negatively affect marine life. For example, certain painkillers are poisonous to trout.The system is the result of an innovation partnership established by the regional government of Greater Copenhagen in July 2012 and incorporating Herlev Hospital and certain other private and public players including Grundfos A/S and DHI Denmark. The objective of this partnersh ip was to hit upon a solution that took out the problematic substances in hospital wastewater instead of just diluting them with other streams of wastewater in the public treatment system.The new treatment plant incorporates biological purification processes in addition to a system of ceramic filtration membranes and a closing “polishing with activated carbon and ozone. The system is highly flexible: each element in the modular system can be removed, expanded or adjusted to suit changing requirements.The plant’s physical layout is also considerably different from typical wastewater facilities. Usually, hospital wastewater is fed into huge, municipal treatment plants that need a lot of space and call for long pipelines extending from the hospital to the treatment plant. The new water treatment plant is compact and can be delivered in five or four pre-fabricated modules. It is no larger than a small house and facilitates the local treatment of hospital wastewater followed by its s afe release into the local environment.The plant also locally treats odors and any airborne pathogens they are cleansed from the air before release from the closed treatment system. Slush from the system (including any left behind pathogens) is dried on site and then conveyed off-site to be incinerated at a local incineration plant. As of November 2014, the treatment system is still just a pilot project.OTHER ADVANCEMENTS IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIESSlingshotThe water purification device called Slingshot was developed by Dean Kamen. The device is powered by a  Stirling engine  running on a combustible fuel source. Slingshot claims to create drinking water from nearly any source (seawater, sewage or chemical waste) however dirty, by way of vapor compression distillation. It can work using cow dung as fuel and does not need any filters. The name of this purification device comes from the slingshot that David utilized to defeat Goliath.A single Slingshot has the ability to purif y over 250,000 liters of water each year that is adequate to satisfy the requirements of approximately 300 people. Thus, the invention has the potential to give millions of people access to clean water. Tata SwachThe Tata Swach is a water purifier designed by TRDDC (Tata Chemicals and Tata Research, Development and Design Centre). Swach is a water purification machine targeting mainly low-income population in India who are short of access to clean drinking water. The product is marketed in three variants â€" Tata Swach Smart Magic, Tata Swach Smart and Tata Swach.In the system, processed rice husk ash impregnated with nano silver particles is utilized to purify the water and to obliterate disease causing germs, bacteria, and others. Silver’s bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties can be credited to its capability of reacting with sulfhydryl groups in the cells ofbacteria that creates the structural modifications in the cell membranes of bacteria and communicates with nucleic a cids. Through the very small particles (nano-size), the surface area increases enabling the bacteria to get adequate reaction time.The water purifier can clean water at the speed of approximately 3-4 liters every hour. It comprises two parts: an upper reservoir in which impure water is put inside, where a lower middle portion and the bulb with the cartridge is located. There is another reservoir, to collect purified water, and which is present at the lower end. The two reservoirs can be stacked and arranged in such a manner so that the whole system would be enabled to work using gravity. The water purifier, Tata Swach Smart, has a capacity of 15 liter and hence is designed rather compact.The key part of the  purifying product is the Tata Swach Bulb. The bulb can purify approximately 3000 liters of water (depending on water quality), following then by replacing the bulb. A fuse in the bulb indicates when the cartridge has to be changed.There are some other promising technologies in w ater purification that give us a reason to be positive. These include:Purification using sand: Gravel and sand have been utilized for water purification for thousands of years. Straining water through grains of sand gets rid of bigger particles of contamination that are also the ones that assisted with transmitting the microbes responsible for water-borne diseases. Of late, researchers have determined how to coat sand grains with graphite oxide so as to develop “super sand” that apparently can filter detrimental substances (as for example, mercury) from water five times better than ordinary sand. Efforts continue to discover techniques to make super sand absorb even more contamination, and ultimately utilize it in developing countries where water quality is perilously polluted.Arsenic-removing system using cysteine-coated plastic: Tsanangurayi Tongesayi, chemistry professor of Monmouth University (N.J.) created a low-cost arsenic removing system in which cut pieces of regular pl astic beverage bottles are coated with an amino acid called cysteine. On adding the plastic pieces to water, the cysteine attaches to the arsenic, getting rid of it and making the water drinkable. In tests, the professor has been able to decrease the arsenic levels of water from a dangerous 20 parts per billion to 0.2 parts per billion which satisfies the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s standard.In conclusion, let us be optimistic that the new technologies can and will change the world and save the world.

Water Purification New Technologies that Might Change the World

Water Purification New Technologies that Might Change the World © Shutterstock.com | Aaron AmatWater, or to be precise, clean water is the elixir of life. Pure water is not just essential to public health but also to energy and agricultural production. Unfortunately, there is not enough drinking water to meet the requirements of all the people in the world. The good news is there are a lot of new and upcoming technologies for advanced water purification. This article discusses 1) water purification the need of the hour, 2) some of the latest inventions (2013 and 2014) in water purification technologies, and 3) other advancements in water purification technologies.WATER PURIFICATION THE NEED OF THE HOURIt is true that the water that flows out of taps in the majority of countries now is safe and clean. However, there is still cause to be worried. Here are some eye-opening facts:As per a 2012 United Nations Study, 11 percent of the global population (that’s 783 million people) as yet don’t have access to potable water.Owing to the fact that peo ple utilize water for activities such as washing and waste disposal, and irrigating crops, it is easy for sources of water near a human population to get contaminated.By 2025, there will a major shortage of clean water in places such as Africa, India, China and The Middle East.So many people contract water-borne disease owing to contamination of the water by disease-causing microbes or pathogens. SOME OF THE LATEST INVENTIONS (2013 AND 2014) IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIESHigh tech materials with sunlightAs of March 2014, a team under Anne Morrisey from Dublin City University had come up with a new technology with which they hoped to deliver an easy water purifying system which utilizes sunlight. The system incorporates a cocktail of two ingredients TiO2 (catalyst) and graphene. A catalyst is something that quickens a reaction without being utilized itself, but which usually relies on UV light. The group found the best TiO2 shape which would enable it to be active in visible lig ht, and so, useful. The sticky graphene catches the pollutants as they flow through, thereby increasing their proximity to the TiO2 catalyst.The system was not created to be a first-line purification system. Instead, it can be used to rid water of stubborn and harmful molecules following the former’s treatment by typical methods. There is hope that the system could remove pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other possibly damaging pollutants from water to make it fit for consumption. It being sunlight-powered, the system is a simple solution to a major problem. Altering existing purification systems to remove residual compounds is not feasibly owing to the high expense involved. Ideally, the system would be so made as to suit water pipes in zones where water treatments on a large scale are not yet practical.Aquaporins for UPW (ultrapure water) in an energy efficient  wayThere is a growing industrial thirst for “ultrapure” water (UPW) but, unfortunately, water filtration methods p rove to be very unsustainable and energy consuming. Enter Aquaporin, the winner of the European inventor award 2014. The invention uses the natural movement of water between single cells in nature and the features of the proteins assisting this movement. The proteins termed aquaporins, enable water to move between cell membranes, while obstructing the passage of contaminants such as minerals and salts. The inventors included this principle in a “biomembrane” technology.The usual water filtration methods guide contaminated water through a set of increasingly fine-pored filters at powerful pressures; a greatly energy-consuming process, more complicated by the possibility of pores becoming clogged. With respect to the new invention, it utilizes the process of “forward osmosis” for carrying water molecules through a membrane involving aquaporins merged in a backing layer.The Aquaporin filters are already delivering an energy-saving technique for purifying water into the ultra pu re state for industrial applications. The next step would involve the technology being applied to large-scale purification plants to purify industrial wastewater and desalinate seawater â€" a major contribution to drinking water supplies across the globe. The UPW got from the Aquaporin membrane is suitable for the photovoltaic and semiconductor industries, where even the minutest of particles could harm components in the nanometer range. Aquavus technology â€" ultrasound waves for water desalination and purificationUK engineers and scientists invented Aquavus, a superior system that can be utilized to purify and desalinate ocean water with ultrasound waves. According to the CFO of the Aquavus team, one unit of the purification system can treat 3000l  (approximately 800 gallons) of water each day. The former lead manager of NSAU (National Space Agency of Ukraine) leads the global R D team for Aquavus, which encompasses specialists from Ukraine and other ex-USSR countries. He further said that the system utilizes powerful ultrasound to explode unclean water into particles of a size below ten microns. The microparticles evaporate and condense, resulting in pure water. A microorganism to eat the pollutantsA research and development company in Ontario, Canada is modifying the way waste water is treated. As of August 2014, the company â€" Noble Purification was rolling out a filtration system (The Euglena BioFiltration System) utilizing a microorganism that consumed pollutants in water. The first system was to be installed in Peterborough.By way of research that the now CEO of the company carried out for the Canada Wide Science Fair when still in high school, Adam Noble discovered Euglena’s capability to treat waste water. A recent breakthrough revealed that Euglena can absorb a number of carried pollutants in water, ranging from phosphates to lead. The system works by producing a controlled algae bloom within waste water and then “fooling” the Euglena into a bsorbing heavy metals, minerals, pollutants and nutrients from the environment. As of September, 2014, the company was planning to then convert the Euglena biomass resulting from the system into biofuel, fertilizer, and food.This year, the company hoped to finish the first large-scale Euglena BioFiltration model with its partners â€" The Centre for Alternative Wastewater Treatment, Drain Brother’ Excavating and The City of Peterborough. The model would treat around 100,000 liters of waste water each day at the Peterborough Waste Water Treatment Plant and would sequester around 32 tons of CO2 from the atmosphere. Noble Purification also announced the start of a Euglena Research Program (ERP) at Trent University. This program is designed to be a joint venture that would bring together the combined abilities of Trent researchers and students to better comprehend the unharnessed potential of Euglena. This would assist with enhancing the effectiveness of the purification technology and present a chance to sequence its genome.TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS Fine Particle FilterThe TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS Fine Particle Filter from Dow Water Process Solutions (DW PS) assists with processing a wide variety of difficult, high-solids water. This provides a cost-efficient solution for wastewater treatment in manifold industry verticals, ranging from industrial wastewater treatment and reuse applications in the pulp and paper, food and beverage, laundry and textiles market to mobile water treatment systems and oil and gas applications.According to the business unit director for filtration at DWPS, the TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS filter assists customers with bringing down their cost of ownership by way of higher uptime and water recovery, and lower consumables and maintenance. This is in addition to decreased surcharges for waste disposal from local treatment plants. RD Magazine recognized the invention as a revolutionary solution for treating difficult, high-solids water.With its patented design, the system blends the power of cross-flow filtration with centrifugal separation and solids collection and continuous cleaning into a single device. Distinguishing itself from other technologies, the system consistently treats water holding total suspended solids (TSS) of a maximum of 10,000 mg/L even in the presence of oils, fats, fibers and greases, and in changing conditions without continuous plugging, all while providing a water recovery that is usually 99 percent or more.Features such as low to no chemical requirements, decreased consumables and water waste, minimal maintenance and high water recovery of the TEQUATICâ„¢ PLUS Fine Particle Filter help decrease impact on the environment, while providing for better operator safety. Treatment of hospital wastewater with Grundfos technologyAn experimental plant in Denmark utilizing Grundfos technology cleansed a Danish hospital’s wastewater of medicinal and biological residues that typical sewage treatment is unable to handle. The project deals with a global problem. This is a great achievement considering that hospital wastewater is dangerous to both human health and marine life. With respect to humans, hospital wastewater is particularly hazardous for the staff at wastewater treatment plants. In the course of heavy rains and flooding, holding tanks in the sewer system may overflow. Regarding marine life, following treatment of sewage, it is released into environment in addition to its residual content of pharmaceuticals and pathogens, putting the local fauna habitually at risk. Even minute concentrations of the substances in hospital wastewater can negatively affect marine life. For example, certain painkillers are poisonous to trout.The system is the result of an innovation partnership established by the regional government of Greater Copenhagen in July 2012 and incorporating Herlev Hospital and certain other private and public players including Grundfos A/S and DHI Denmark. The objective of this partnersh ip was to hit upon a solution that took out the problematic substances in hospital wastewater instead of just diluting them with other streams of wastewater in the public treatment system.The new treatment plant incorporates biological purification processes in addition to a system of ceramic filtration membranes and a closing “polishing with activated carbon and ozone. The system is highly flexible: each element in the modular system can be removed, expanded or adjusted to suit changing requirements.The plant’s physical layout is also considerably different from typical wastewater facilities. Usually, hospital wastewater is fed into huge, municipal treatment plants that need a lot of space and call for long pipelines extending from the hospital to the treatment plant. The new water treatment plant is compact and can be delivered in five or four pre-fabricated modules. It is no larger than a small house and facilitates the local treatment of hospital wastewater followed by its s afe release into the local environment.The plant also locally treats odors and any airborne pathogens they are cleansed from the air before release from the closed treatment system. Slush from the system (including any left behind pathogens) is dried on site and then conveyed off-site to be incinerated at a local incineration plant. As of November 2014, the treatment system is still just a pilot project.OTHER ADVANCEMENTS IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIESSlingshotThe water purification device called Slingshot was developed by Dean Kamen. The device is powered by a  Stirling engine  running on a combustible fuel source. Slingshot claims to create drinking water from nearly any source (seawater, sewage or chemical waste) however dirty, by way of vapor compression distillation. It can work using cow dung as fuel and does not need any filters. The name of this purification device comes from the slingshot that David utilized to defeat Goliath.A single Slingshot has the ability to purif y over 250,000 liters of water each year that is adequate to satisfy the requirements of approximately 300 people. Thus, the invention has the potential to give millions of people access to clean water. Tata SwachThe Tata Swach is a water purifier designed by TRDDC (Tata Chemicals and Tata Research, Development and Design Centre). Swach is a water purification machine targeting mainly low-income population in India who are short of access to clean drinking water. The product is marketed in three variants â€" Tata Swach Smart Magic, Tata Swach Smart and Tata Swach.In the system, processed rice husk ash impregnated with nano silver particles is utilized to purify the water and to obliterate disease causing germs, bacteria, and others. Silver’s bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties can be credited to its capability of reacting with sulfhydryl groups in the cells ofbacteria that creates the structural modifications in the cell membranes of bacteria and communicates with nucleic a cids. Through the very small particles (nano-size), the surface area increases enabling the bacteria to get adequate reaction time.The water purifier can clean water at the speed of approximately 3-4 liters every hour. It comprises two parts: an upper reservoir in which impure water is put inside, where a lower middle portion and the bulb with the cartridge is located. There is another reservoir, to collect purified water, and which is present at the lower end. The two reservoirs can be stacked and arranged in such a manner so that the whole system would be enabled to work using gravity. The water purifier, Tata Swach Smart, has a capacity of 15 liter and hence is designed rather compact.The key part of the  purifying product is the Tata Swach Bulb. The bulb can purify approximately 3000 liters of water (depending on water quality), following then by replacing the bulb. A fuse in the bulb indicates when the cartridge has to be changed.There are some other promising technologies in w ater purification that give us a reason to be positive. These include:Purification using sand: Gravel and sand have been utilized for water purification for thousands of years. Straining water through grains of sand gets rid of bigger particles of contamination that are also the ones that assisted with transmitting the microbes responsible for water-borne diseases. Of late, researchers have determined how to coat sand grains with graphite oxide so as to develop “super sand” that apparently can filter detrimental substances (as for example, mercury) from water five times better than ordinary sand. Efforts continue to discover techniques to make super sand absorb even more contamination, and ultimately utilize it in developing countries where water quality is perilously polluted.Arsenic-removing system using cysteine-coated plastic: Tsanangurayi Tongesayi, chemistry professor of Monmouth University (N.J.) created a low-cost arsenic removing system in which cut pieces of regular pl astic beverage bottles are coated with an amino acid called cysteine. On adding the plastic pieces to water, the cysteine attaches to the arsenic, getting rid of it and making the water drinkable. In tests, the professor has been able to decrease the arsenic levels of water from a dangerous 20 parts per billion to 0.2 parts per billion which satisfies the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s standard.In conclusion, let us be optimistic that the new technologies can and will change the world and save the world.

The Moral Dilemma And Hypocrisy Of Slavery Essay - 1907 Words

On May 29th, 1856, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech in which he addressed the moral dilemma and hypocrisy of slavery. â€Å"We cannot be free if this is, by our own national choice, to be a land of slavery.† President Lincoln’s rhetoric reflects the challenge to define freedom in America; moreover, it reflects his morality and commitment to upholding personal freedom. It justifies why he does not ignore slavery, as well as why he did not see slaves as property, but as a group of humans who had been abusively denied freedom, and stripped of their humanity for no reason other than avarice personal gain. Slavery was coerced labor that relied heavily on intimidation, brutality, and dehumanization. Regardless that it was once a legal and cultural institution integral to the economic development of the early American economy, slavery was and always will be one of the most horrific violations of human rights. With that in mind, slavery infected American culture in the 17th centu ry, and unfortunately lasted several hundred years. Over the course of that time, slaves produced narratives that sought to garner popular support for bringing an end to slavery. Of the prolific abolitionist narratives published, notably, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl were praised for how their rhetoric challenged slavery. These narratives, combined in Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s TheShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mr. Mark Twain929 Words   |  4 Pagesuneducated, fourteen year old boy, with no knowledge of the â€Å"proper ways† of his society in this particular era. The idea of the narrator in local color writings is usually represented by a far more educated character, but none the less Huck gains a moral maturity throughout the novel, protecting his friend, and slave, Jim. Huck’s growth throughout the novel , in my opinion, represents the room for growth of the era Huckleberry Finn was written in. Local color literature is said to be characterizedRead More Themes of Morality and Racism in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn863 Words   |  4 Pages The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a novel full of racism and hypocrisy of the society that we know. Huck continually faces the many challenges of what to do in tough situations dealing with racism and what the society wants him to do. With the novel being written in the first person point of view gives us insightful information into the challenges the Huck is facing and gives us a look into Huck’s head. Huck uses many different techniques to deal with his problems and he getsRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesview of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the characters through the diction and setting moreover displaying the hypocrisy, racism, and moral education within society is the causation that the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is originally banned. Just one month after its public ation. Not suitable for trash†,† was the opinion of the Concord, Massachusetts, librarians who bannedRead MoreHuckleberry Finn and the use of Satire Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesremarkably clear that Twain is satirical in his writing as he ridicules slavery and the racist attitudes prevalent in his day. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written shortly after the Civil War, in which slavery was one of the key issues. But while Mark Twains father had slaves throughout his childhood, Twain’s eyes did not always view white supremacy as wrong: In my schoolboy days, I had no aversion to slavery (Bell 126). I was not aware that there was anything wrong about it. No oneRead MoreThe Moral Compass Points North2227 Words   |  9 PagesThe Moral Compass Points North In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain explores the ephemeral nature of morality through personal and societal interpretations of ethics and their operations. Specifically, Huckleberry Finn is introduced to multiple individual renditions from Pap, the widow, Tom, and Jim. Additionally, Huck is also given an ideal seat to view the narrative of the multiple mobs and how they interact with the world. 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So in a way, Douglass’ religion is not just an attack on the unrighteous ways of the slave-holding Christian, but it also becomes a political vessel to forward the abolitionist cause. If religion is viewed as a political vessel for Douglass, the appendix can therefore be seen as his call-to-arms against the oppressive intolerance of slavery and slaveholder religion. Before studyingRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain3807 Words   |  16 Pagesprotect Jim. In particular, slavery acts as an inhibitor to the majority of instances of racism in the novel, especially since Twain sets his novel before the American Civil War. Considering slavery in America dates back to America’s beginning years, the official slave trade beginning in 1619 and progressing to move over 12 million slaves by the time it came to an end in 1850, one cannot ignore Twain’s deliberate choice of setting (National Parks Service). Although slavery is not the sole cause of racismRead MoreHouseboy: Novel Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagestheir social norms on the colonized people who they believe have twisted or wrong social, economic and political norms. Louis J. Parascandola’s article â€Å"What are we Blackmen who are called French?: The Dilemma of Identity† emphasizes this idea of power by noting that the French â€Å"believe it is their moral obligation to assimilate their subjects† to the â€Å"superior† French language, cul ture and governmental system , thus creating â€Å" little Frenchmen†. Diary writing is a Western custom that allows theRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2486 Words   |  10 Pagesunderstand what satire is. Satire can be defined as a literary work in which a human voice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit. Focusing on religion hypocrisy, racial inferiority, and romanticism, Mark Twain uses his enthusiastic style of writing and satirizes these three traits throughout the novel. Religious hypocrisy and its representation in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn constitute Twain s utmost satirical indictment of American society in the 1830s. During the time period in

Community Policing Corruption - 2295 Words

Sammy Siddiqui Paul Angelo Brienza Community Policing November 29, 2012 The Costs of Corruption In today’s society, the amount of crime that occurs can be quite difficult to deal with and responsibility ends up falling on police to curtail it. Unfortunately, the infectious nature of crime often drags these assigned â€Å"stoppers† into the same mud that they are trying to prevent others from falling into. When officers abuse their legally sanctioned position of authority, it is known as police corruption. It is a persistent problem that is more significant in a criminal sense than the average person committing a crime because it is happening by a representative/protector of the law. Since police are not judiciaries, they do not determine†¦show more content†¦For community policing to be effective, a high percentage of officers must be able to see the difference between right and wrong and take appropriate action. Recent studies offer some understanding of the phenomenon in the hope of rooting out this behavior that serves to underm ine the overall legitimacy of law enforcement. Theories on the role of society in law enforcement, the negative influence of an officer s department, and a person s own natural tendency to engage in unethical behavior have been offered as potential explanations. While some may argue that the â€Å"rotten apple† theory is the best explanation for this problem, the vast amount of evidence to the contrary is overwhelming. Deviance rarely persists in an isolated environment but it thrives when it is adopted by an entity such as a department. To explain, â€Å"If we scan these activities then it must be plain that we are no longer dealing with individuals seeking solely personal gain but with group behaviour rooted in established arrangements. Police officers have to be initiated into these practises, rationalisations have to be produced to accept them, supervisors have to collude or turn a blind eye, justifications have to be sought to continue them, and organizations have either in some way to condone or encourage these activities -- or elseShow MoreRelatedTraditional Organizational Structures Of Policing Agencies1013 Words   |  5 PagesTraditional Organizational Structures of Policing Agencies The principle role of police organizations is to uphold and enforce the law. Police organizations achieve this by safeguarding life and property, maintaining public order, and through detecting and preventing crime. Policing at the state level is composed of separate police organizations. At the state level we have the City or Local Police, County Sheriff and State Police, also known as Highway Patrol or State Troopers. The U.S. governmentRead MorePolicing Development640 Words   |  3 PagesPolicing dates back thousands of years to even before the Roman times. The origins of American policing are closely related the Anglo-Saxon model which gave a more communal responsibility. The four Eras’ of American policing that will be focused on are The Political, Professional, Community Policing, and Homeland Security. The Political era lasted from 1830-1900. This era can be characterized as political in nature and the police are controlled by elected officials. The police during this eraRead MoreCommunity Policing Is A Fast Growing Necessity For The Future1052 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Policing Introduction Although policing has been around for many decades, law enforcement roles have not changed too significantly. Media, such as television shows and movies, portray law enforcement officers as fearless crime fighters who are in daily high speed chases and shoot outs. 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Gradually, overtime things are meant to get better. Citizen satisfactory and statistical evidence shows that policing has improved professionally, technologically, and even in affectivity. Being able to compare the timeline from early America to modern day, also displays a positive, growing influence in the society. One of the many solutions to the many early problems is community policing. Today, communityRead MoreWhat Impact Did 9 / 11 Have On Policing Essay809 Words   |  4 Pages1) What impact did 9/11 have on policing, and what relationship does it have with the four eras of policing? September 11, 2001 showed that there were weaknesses in communication and emergency response. It also significantly changed the role police have with the prevention of terrorist acts. As Oliver stated, â€Å"... policing in the post-September 11 environment is not only a response to the specific events...but also an amalgam of change brought about by various political, economic, and social factorsRead MorePolice Force And Its Components1350 Words   |  6 Pagestopic of policing, countries have different laws and regulations for the police force. Tactics also differ which allow each police force to be unique and distinct from others. In the presentation covered, Peru’s police force was examined. Topics that were discussed include the history and demographics, law enforcement policies, police training, corruption, and female officers. Topics that were covered during the semester that was discussed in this presentation in regards to Peru were community policingRead MoreThe Cor ruption Of Police Corruption1484 Words   |  6 Pagespolice officers, police corruption has become a major topic. Police officers seem to be making more questionable and unethical decisions according to the media. With these questionable actions, the idea that police officers are corrupt has been a steadily growing opinion. I will be focusing this literature review on the history of police corruption, mostly in major cities/countries; the nature of police corruption; the ethics involved in law enforcement; causes for police corruption and finally possibleRead MoreThe Future of Policing1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Future of Policing Christina Johnson CJS/210 September 14, 2014 Ronald Rucker University of Phoenix Policing in the United States has changed dramatically since it was first brought to the thirteen colonies from England. However, some of the issues faced then are being faced in policing today. There are also new trends that are prevalent, and these trends will continue to have lasting effects on the future of policing. 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Southern Gothic Style in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is...

American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. It has many forms and different kinds of authors within its genre. One American author, Flannery OConnor, is known for her Southern Gothic style of writing. In her short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find OConnor uses the Southern Gothic style, brought on by her background, to establish various ties between the characters and their actions. Flannery OConnor was born in Savannah, Georgia on March 25, 1925. Growing up in the Deep South, her family was of Catholic religion. During her lifetime, OConnor wrote two novels and 32 short stories among other works. Many of her stories take place in the south such as†¦show more content†¦Bailey, the son of the character known as the Grandmother, decides to go to Florida anyway. Along their way to Florida with Bailey’s wife, the baby, and the two disobedient children; June Starr and John Wesley, the Grandmother is characterized as a senile, racist woman of bad judgment. This can be seen when along the ride she sees an African-American young boy and states, â€Å"Oh look at the cute little pickaninny!...Little niggers in the country don’t have things like we do. â€Å" (O’Connor 12). The climax of the story occurs as the family leaves Red Sammy’s Famous Barbecue and gets in a car accident with the Misfit himself. It is then safe to say that the assumption of the senile Grandmother is accurate due to the thought that runs through her mind, â€Å"A horrible thought came to her†¦the house that she had remembered so vividly was not in Georgia, but Tennessee,† (19). The Grandmother’s forgetfulness is in turn the direct cause of the accident and run-in with the Misfit. The two other escapees then murder the family one by one until it came time for the Grandmother to face the Misfit eye to eye, all by herself. After she tries to convince the Misfit that he was a good man and the name Misfit did not fit him at all she begins to refer to Jesus. Jesus was something the Misfit does not want to her about and as she leans to touch his shoulder he shoots the GrandmotherShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Southern Gothic 1566 Words   |  7 PagesMyszkowski English 1102 17 April 2016 Southern Gothic Literature In the 19th century, the Southern Gothic genre quickly became popular after Edgar Allen Poe poems in the 18th century. Most writings were formed around the Civil War era, which plays an enormous part in the tone and setting in Southern Gothic writing styles. (O’Connell 63) Southern Gothic writing elements consist of â€Å"horror, romance and psychological and domestic dramas† (63). The setting of Southern Gothic was always dingy and dark whichRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 PagesAuthors use morbidly dark and eccentric characters combined with southern charm and the ever-present gender divide to tell stories that represent a writing style known as southern gothic literature. â€Å"Southern Gothic is a subgenre of Gothic fiction unique to American literature that takes place exclusively in the American South. Elements of a Gothic treatment of the South were apparent in the 19th century, ante- and post-bellum, in the grotesqu es of Henry Clay Lewis and the de-idealized visions ofRead MoreFlannery O Connor s Writing Style1680 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery O’connor is one of the most shinning stars in American literature. Her distinct writing style makes her work recognizable and outstanding from other literature works. Many critics have commented on Flannery O’connor’s narrative voice. Louise Blackwell discovers Miss O’Connor often wrote according to southern tradition by using symbols in people’s daily life to convey the theme in a more profound way. From the perspective of the O’connor’s writing technique, Shirley Foster speaks highly ofRead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writer979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy wa s thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor’s life experiences based on her faith, her novelsRead MoreFlannery OConnor and Her Southern Gothic Style1187 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor, known for her original Southern Gothic style of prose has been titled â€Å"the master of the short story† (O’Connor). Her application of symbolism and the themes of Southern religion deem her as one of the most influential writers in American history. Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 and raised in the South, O’Connor was socialized as a member of the Catholic Church which proves evident throughout her writings. She studied journalism at the University of Iowa, but quickly migratedRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man1467 Words   |  6 Pagesstories. Flannery O’Connor was raised in Georgia during one of the rough time periods in the South. She puts multiple similarities in several of her stories like racism, using violence to redeem people, as well as the Old South versus the New South. O’Connor applies her writing style of Southern Gothic to show people the reality of what is happening in the South. She has put the issues that they have in different scenarios or situations that people could understand in her short stories, â€Å"A Good Man isRead More Flannery Oconnor1301 Words   |  6 Pagesreflected on how the world was dealing with the changes. Flannery O’Connor, a prominent Catholic writer from the South, was one of the many who examined society and shared their philosophies. O’Connor shocked her twentieth century readers with the haunting style and piercing questions in her short stories and novels, which were centered on a combination of her life experiences, her deep Catholic faith, and the literature of the time. Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 intoRead MoreA Good Man By Flannery O Connor1369 Words   |  6 PagesFlannery O’Connor is one of the most controversial and well known modern day Southern Gothic authors in America. When she came into prominence in 1955 with her first collection of short stories titled A Good Man is Hard to Find, it was met with criticism for being overtly violent and grotesque. One reviewer from Time magazine said the short stories were â€Å"witheringly sarcastic† and â€Å"written in a style as balefully direct as a death sentence† (Simpson 44). The reviewer went even further on to callRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Antagonists in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’Connor, the two central figures that drive the plot, and add the most cohesion to their respective stories are Montresor and The Misfit. Poe and O’Connor knew the importance of catching and maintaining the reader’s attention, so they did so through crafting the perfect flawed villains. Without these similar yet inherentlyRead MoreQuestions for Critical Thinking1690 Words   |  7 PagesQuestions for Critical Thinking A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor 1) What is the grandmother’s attitude toward the South as opposed to the rest of her family’s attitude, particularly her grandson’s? How do you account for the difference? In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the grandmother’s attitude toward the South is that the â€Å"old South† was better than the current South. For example, in paragraph 14, John Wesley, the grandson, states â€Å"Let’s go through Georgia

The Power Of Media In Contemporary Australian Politics - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Power Of Media In Contemporary Australian Politics. Answer: Media is becoming increasingly involved into political practices all over the world. Media is a means through which people like to be informed about the social, political and economic conditions of their own and other countries. The politicians, citizens and journalists implement new media tools to assist and complement their political goals. It is important for media to show a true picture of the conditions of the country so that the citizens can make informed choices. In Australia, the media has been given great freedom to verify the information to be presented and express the truth to the people through newspaper, television and the internet. The freedom and rights include its protection, capability to disapprove the acts of the government and right to access the information until the rights are infringed in the procedure. With the declining trust and participation of the Australian citizens in the federal politics, the government, political parties, the social and political scien tists have adjusted their focus on the potential of media to address these deficits and rejuvenate politics (Prat, 2015). So, the chosen topic of this essay is the power of media in contemporary Australian politics. It will be explained with the help of some examples. As per University of Canberra (n.d.) the mode through which people of Australia engage in the politics is transforming. The older generations used to participate through the most traditional forms of engagement such as protests, contacting parliamentary representatives and campaigning whereas the younger generations are preferring the most contemporary forms of political participation such as using the power of media and the online social advocacy groups to retrieve knowledge about the current happenings in the Australian politics. There is a great involvement between media and politics. Media is a way through which the citizens are informed about the decision making and the formulation and implementation of the policies of the government. Media had received new freedom and rights to ensure that the underprivileged can access it. Also, it has promoted equality, appropriate information and has alerted the common man about the threats opposing the government. In the present scenario, particularly social media has been used by the parliaments, governments and the political parties as a highly efficient tool to engage and inform the citizens about the public policies and the formulation of governments. The emerging power of media can highly influence the common man as compared to any other mode of communication. It encourages greater participation, responsibility and transparency in the delivering of information, so the politicians use it as an effective mode to reach the young people of the country (Saldaa, Mcgregor and Ziga, 2015). The politicians can use their celebrity status in social media such as Facebook and Twitter to attract young Australians in politics and political issues. Media has been efficient in motivating the voters to donate their contributions in the election campaign fund raising. The parliamentarians can use media to focus the citizens attention on political parties and issues, to reply to the queries of the voters and respond to their needs. With the increase in the public expectations of responsibility, transparency and participation, the politicians can use them to enhance their observations and in building assistance. It can also help them in raising funds, getting the voters to the poll and to respond on the issues of stakeholders. Media helps in interchanging information about the issues and to enable the citizens to see that the politicians are actively working for the benefits of the common man (Leonzi, Ciofalo and Stefano, 2015). Thus media is no longer a story but a means to tell a story. The transforming relationship between the media and politics has crucial influence over the political agenda setting. The media is emerging prominently in the political news reporting. It is using the tools and technique of digital media for political engagement. Media offers new methods for citizens to participate in the public affairs and elections (Sauter and Bruns, 2013). Use of computer forms of political participation such as posting comments on a political blog and electronically subscribing to the political mailing list have strengthened the political participation through the relative ease of use. It helps in lowering the cost of participation as well as provides greater public access to political elites. Through evidences it is proved that news consumption has led to increase in the political knowledge thereby resulting in political efficiency amongst the citizens. Additionally, the use of media for political information has an influence on the political engagement of the people. The political knowledge can prompt the participation in politics amongst the citizens (McNair et al., 2017). Also, the use of social media is emerging in contemporary politics in Australia. Online social networking sites have become an important platform for political participation since they enhance the probabilities of associating politically with others. According to Caplan (2013) with the emergence of social media as a platform for political, informational and social exchanges, politicians have assimilated Twitter and Facebook into their election campaigns. They are utilizing these channels of marketing and communication for setting political agendas, shaping the results of campaigns and influencing the attitude of the public for themselves. The micro blogging sites such as Twitter have been considered as a perfect mode for this kind of self-promotion thereby giving the ability to the politicians to inform the people about their political activities. The tweets which are Twitters short posts give the politicians the capability to have an impact on the users (Gainous and Wagner, 2014). Social media can be used to spread appropriate information and connect people with the politicians so that they can create stronger federal governments. So it can be said that a media focused government has kept the public more informed about politics , thereby allowing them to access to constant feed of news and opinions(Vonderschmit,2012).It is crucial for the political institutions to actively participate in the political communications on the social websites during the election campaigns(Stieglitz and Xuan, 2012). The power of media in contemporary Australian politics can be explained with the help of some examples. The 2010 federal election is popularly known as the first Twitter election in Australia due to the dominant role played by social media. It was due to the increase in the engagement with political themes and discussions by the Australian public and the citizens which was significant during this campaign. Another example is the case of the Australian federal elections in 2007. In this case the Australian electorate voted against the Coalition government led by John Howard who was the longest serving Prime Minister and he was considered very hard to beat. He was defeated against a former broadcast journalist Maxine McKew. So, the media played a crucial role in the political campaigns in which she used her celebrity status to influence the voters to vote in her favour. Thus political campaigns have become media driven and more professional with the use of media. The Australian politics has transformed entirely over the latter half of the twentieth century because of the influence of media on politics (Sauter and Bruns, 2013). However, it is not necessary that media has a positive impact on the political scenario always. If its power is not utilized cautiously, it can result in damaging and eroding the base of federal government. Through its power to operate outside the territorial limits of the country and time constraints, it can enable the creation of communities anytime anywhere. It is the cheapest mode of communication and can be accessed by any individual operating in the world. Media has the power to change the direction of the information flows. Media attacks the privacy and allows the governments and the parliamentarians to depict the information to what the public wants instead of what they want to know. Thus it is not necessary that media may operate in the best interest of the people in the federal government. The politicians can misuse media for their selfish interest and to lure the people of the country. Media can publish unreliable information about the political scenario of the country thereby posing serious problems. According to the opinion of Chandrappa (2014) media sets the political agenda by covering the issues which the government does not wants to target at. Thus negative campaigning can even intensify the scepticism. As per The University of Melbourne (n.d.) through the use of internet and social media the common man has access to the information and the power to mobilize. It has become a powerful platform for promoting lies. It is dangerously demoralizing the political discussions. It is being deployed to create political violence, prejudice and arrogance. The political campaigns are prejudiced by rumours, fake news and conspiracies which spread around the social media. The social media posts satirical or fake news about the political leaders .So, it is becoming difficult to separate the real news with the fake one thus polluting the political environment of the country. Also, there are also sites with political conspiracies on which wrong information and gossips are posted thereby misinforming the users (OMorain, 2016). However, despite of its negative influence the social media is emerging as a powerful force to influence politics in the near future. According to Nield (2017) in the election campaigns, social media websites such as Twitter and Facebook have raised to a new level of importance .Millions of Dollars are being spent across social networks for the campaigns between the parties. The use of videos and chat books is expected to increase in the political campaigns for generating one to one interactions with the voters by the politicians. Also, the data tracking and analysis will play an important role in the future elections. With the help of data analysis, the politicians would be able to provide information about the potential supporters, where and how to find them and their liking and disliking about the campaigning messages. It shall also be helpful to trace how much the voters will donate for the campaign. As much of the data is accumulated off and online and it is tracked from the hab its of the voters, it will impact to a greater extent about how the political parties will conduct campaigns and reach the voters. So, the data analytics will influence the ways campaigning will be done from hand shaking to social media and television (Rothman, 2015). With the increase in the role of media in politics, a platform has been provided for the minority parties and the common man to have their say in the political scenario of the country. In the new social media contexts, the minority parties and the common man especially the youth can present their views regarding the political happenings in the country. They can raise their voice against the injustice done to them by the political parties and also appreciate the efforts made by them to improve the status of the underprivileged (Issa, 2016). Hence, to conclude, the role of media is to inform the common man especially the underprivileged. With the help of the awareness spread by the media, they can make informed decisions which will be related to the running of the country. Mass media greatly influences the political scenario of the country .The power of media can be an asset to the government if used judiciously. The recent technology and the regulations related to the media have upgraded the methods through which the public can get information. Media provides important information which is necessary for the smooth functioning of the government in Australia. The recent developments in the todays world have assisted the media to depict its political views. The television provides the chance to the political personalities to address the common man directly. With the help of media, the politicians are utilizing the newly emerged platforms to reach the new voters. Through Twitter, Facebook and YouTube, where the youth is active, they are able to get their agendas heard. Thus social media has created a unique feature of communication which can help the politics to grow to a large extent. References Caplan, J. (2013) Social Media and Politics: Twitter Use in the Second Congressional District of Virginia. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications. 4(1),pp. 5-14. Chandrappa, K. (2014) The Influence of the Media in Politics - Campaigns and Elections. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR).3(12),pp. 2310-2312. Gainous, J. and Wagner, K.M. (2014) Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics. OUP USA. Issa, A.A. (2016) Assessment of the Role of Media in the 2015 Nigerian General Election. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10670.92489. Leonzi, S., Ciofalo, G. and Stefano, A.D. (2015) Power and Communication: Media, Politics and Institutions in Times of Crisis. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. McNair, B., Flew, T., Harrington, S. and Swift, A. (2017) Politics, Media and Democracy in Australia: Public and Producer Perceptions of the Political Public Sphere. Taylor Francis. Nield, D. (2017) Social media and the future of elections. The Telegraph [online] Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/connect/better-business/social-media-and-the-future-of-elections/ OMorain, H.B. (2016) What is the role of social media in a general election campaign? A case study of the 2016 Irish General Election [online] Available from: https://www.maynoothuniversity.ie/sites/default/files/assets/document/Hannah%20Byrne%20O%27Morain_0.pdf Prat, A. (2015) Media Power [online] Available from: https://bfi.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/research/Prat_Bayesian15-07-01withTables.pdf Rothman, P. (2015) The Politics of Media Development: The Importance of Engaging Government and Civil Society. CIMA [online] Available from: https://www.cima.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/CIMA-The-Politics-of-Media-Development.pdf Saldaa, M., Mcgregor, S.C. and Ziga , H.G.D.(2015) Social Media as a Public Space for Politics: Cross-National Comparison of News Consumption and Participatory Behaviours in the United States and the United Kingdom. International Journal of Communication .9(2015), pp. 33043326. Sauter, T. and Bruns, A.(2013) Social Media in the Media: How Australian Media Perceive Social Media as Political Tools[online] Available from: https://snurb.info/files/2013/CCI%20REPORT%20Social%20Media%20in%20the%20Media.pdf Sauter, T. and Bruns, A.(2013) Moving Politics Online: How Australian Mainstream Media Portray Social Media as Political Tools. The Conversation. [online] Available from: https://theconversation.com/moving-politics-online-how-australian-mainstream-media-portray-social-media-as-political-tools-15465 Stieglitz, S. and Xuan, L.D. (2012) Social media and political communication: a social media analytics framework . DOI: 10.1007/s13278-012-0079-3. The University of Melbourne (n.d.) Social Media Politics: for and against[online] Available from: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/social-media-politics-for-and-against University of Canberra (n.d.) The Power of One Voice Power, Powerlessness And Australian Democracy [online] Available from: https://www.governanceinstitute.edu.au/magma/media/upload/publication/399_The-Power-of-One-Voice-V-9-print-version.pdf Vonderschmit, K. (2012) The Growing Use of Social Media in Political Campaigns: How to use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to Create an Effective Social Media Campaign. Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects [online] Available from: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1366context=stu_hon_theses

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd free essay sample

From the of beginning Posts Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of Pakistan Telephone Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL workings and policies have attracted regular criticism from other smaller operators and the civil society of Pakistan. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. This coincided with the Governments competitive policy, encouraging private sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular, card-operated pay-phones, paging and, lately, data communication services. Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans to privatizePTCL, and in 1994 issued six million vouchers exchangeable into 600 million shares of the would-be PTCL in two separate placements. Each had a par value of Rs. 10 per share. These vouchers were converted into PTCL shares in mid-1996. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however, Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of time. Recent DSL services launched by PTCL reflects this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being directly supervised by PTCL. Mission To achieve our vision by having: An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious Services that are based on the most optimum technology Quality and Time conscious customer service Sustained growth in earnings and profitability Core Values Professional Integrity Teamwork Customer Satisfaction Loyalty to the Company Chapter 2. Products of company Products of Company: List of products or services: 1. PTCL smart tv 2. Phone v net 3. International Calls 4. Local calls 5. Broadband Wireless 6. Easy learning 7. Ip connect 8. Audio conferencing 9. Business DSL 10. Broad band Pakistan 11. VMS 12. Calling Cards 13. PTCL Plus 14. Vfone 15. Evo 3G 16. Evo wingle 9. 3Mbps 17. Evo Moblie 18. Ufone Mobile 19. Ufone Sims Chapter 3. Porter’s Five forces model Five forces looks at five key areas namely threat of new entry, power of buyers, power of suppliers, threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Threat of New Entry †¢ As government of Pakistan is showing liberalism in case oftelecommunication sector and opened its policies to award new licensees to new mobile service providers so threat of new entry is high. †¢ As set-up cost is in billions of dollars so in this case threat of new entry is low, but there are companies who are working to achieve licenses and approaching PTA to know terms and conditions for this. †¢ As for this business companies need a well established distributions and franchises network so threat of new entrant is high in this case. Bargaining Power of Buyers †¢ Power of buyer is high in telecommunication sector. There are six market players and players are offering different packages at different prices and a situation of price war is running. Buyers have a power to buy any package which is suited to them. †¢ Cost of switching from one company package to other company package is low. Hence, power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers †¢ The power of suppliers is low in case of telecommunication sector. †¢ But the fact is that numbers of suppliers are few in the market but they are competing in the market to make agreements with mobile service providers. Threat of Substitute Products †¢ Government also gave so many land lines and wireless local loop licenses to different companies like PTCL wireless local loop, GO CDMA etc. these services in future will be like mobile phone services like they are planning to offer services a lot but currently they are offering SMS and CLI services to their customers. Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry †¢ Currently there are six market players but in future they will be eight and nine oe even more. †¢ Thuraya satellite service is offering subscribers freedom of mobility and uninterrupted service. Thurayas satellite technology supplements of existing mobile service providers, overcoming the challenges of large geographical areas and insurmountable terrain. but will also generate new revenue streams for future growth. Thecompany also continued to invest in infrastructure development andaddition of network capacity with a view to enhance services and toexpand its reach across the country. SWOT ANALYSISStrengths Largest operational network and infrastructure within ICT(Information Communication Technologies) segment. .An integrated Monopoly. Market leadership in Local loop, Wireless local loop (WLL) andfixed telephony. PTCL (Ufone) is market challenger in GSM segment. Ufone is performing well though Warid and Telenor are toughcompetitors. PTCL, Ufone’s profitability increased by 49. 2percent to Rs 977 million in 1H/FY07 as compared to Rs 655million in the corresponding period last. Competitors still depend on PTCL network either directly orindirectly. Experienced Telecom Resources. Weakness Not been able to nurture its growth around customerservices oriented strategy. Not been able to nurture its growth around customerservices oriented strategy. Monopolistic culture has further added to its complexities. Paknet, the internet service provider arm of PTCL continuesto incur losses due to poor management and lack of network optimization. PTCL-V, the fixed wireless phone service is poor. Over employment low productivity. Slow decision making including external interferences. Corporate culture akin to government departments Chaper. 5. PEST Analyis A PEST analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all firms. P. E. S. T. is an abbreviation for the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro-environment. Such external factors usually are beyond the firms control and sometimes present themselves as threats. For this reason, some say that PEST is an appropriate term for these factors. Many macro-environmental factors are country-specific and a PEST analysis will need to be performed for all countries of interest. The following are examples of some of the factors that might be considered in a PEST analysis. ? Political ? Economic ? Social ? Technological 1. Political Analysis:- Political factors are those which are directly controlled by the political parties and Government they could be able to influence directly in any situation or in any industry. So they create a major impact on any industry. †¢ Factors that Creating Threats: Political instability: In Pakistan Political environment are not stable that is the major threat for telecommunication industry because no one knows at what time Government will change and with the change of government policies will also change. Risk of martial law: In Pakistan Risk of martial Law is always threat for all the industries and in the dictatorship they could not be able to explore themselves and do not grow as they could be. Terrorism: Terrorism is the Major problem that is facing Pakistan in now a days that is the most crucial factor that is hurdle in the growing in the telecommunication sector because no one knows about the terrorist activities. Pricing regulations: In Pakistan government dictates the pricing regulations so that influence the smooth working of the telecommunication industry. Rapid change in Regulations: In Pakistan Government is changing the policies very rapidly so that creates instability. †¢ Factors Creating Opportunities: Industrial safety regulations: Now the government of Pakistan is trying to give the maximum Protection to this sector and passing number of Laws to make it more safe and stable. Development of PTA: Government of Pakistan had developed Pakistan telecommunication Authority (PTA) so that helps in the establishing Business in Pakistan in more efficient manner. Investor Friendly Environment: Government is trying to provide investor friendly environment to give the more benefit to the investors and give them maximum safety. 2. Economic Analysis:- Economic factors are directly controlled and influenced by the financial institutions like State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). So they help the industry in giving economic soundness and provide financial aids to survive in the time of crises. †¢ Factors that Creating Threats: Economic Conditions influenced by Government: In Pakistan Although an proper Institution for telecommunication sector working (PTA) but Government is influencing the working of that department and imposing the policies made by politicians. Overall economic conditions are not very sound: Over all economic conditions are not very good for any industry because rate of inflation is increasing day by day and value of currency is going down which causing increase in the value of loan payable that is another major threat for telecommunication industry. Efficiency of financial market is not so Good: In Pakistan all the financial institutions are controlled by government rather then the head of financial Institution State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). Rate of interest is increasing day by day it is approximately 21% which is higher then any country in the world so it makes impossible for the telecommunication industry to take loan facility. Country risk of Pakistan goes to 3: Risk rate of economy of Pakistan goes to 3 out of 5 that is the alarming situation for the Pakistan as well as all the industries of Pakistan. Currently government has increased the taxes : Currently government has increased the taxes on the telecommunication sector so that reduces the income of the telecommunication sector some of the examples of that are given below etc ? Pre-paid customers were charged 10 per cent withholding tax on every new load, which was deducted in advance ? With 15 per cent sales tax on every call increased the sales tax from 15 per cent to 21 percent for mobile users. †¢ Factors Creating Opportunities: Foreign Direct Investment: During 2010 telecommunication sector attracted US $ 142. 7 million FDI which was 26. 4% of the total FDI in the country during this period. So government is trying to give maximum benefit to the telecommunication industry. Lowest Labor Rates in the world: During the quarter ending December 2009, telecom sector Labor Cost of Pakistan is very Low as Compared to other Countries so that is also an opportunity for the Telecommunication sector. Fastest Growing Industry in the Pakistan: Telecommunication industry is the fastest growing industry in the Pakistan that shows that investment is quite comfortable in telecommunication sector. 3. Social Analysis:- Social analysis is directly attached with the people and with the culture in which they are working if they try to dictate the social factors that create the threats to that industry and if they work with in the social norms then social factors become the key to success. †¢ Factors that Creating Opportunities: The Pakistani people are more social: Pakistani people are more social so they have family system and they want to remain in contact with other through any means so that is the opportunity for telecommunication sector to capture the feelings of the people. Celebrate lot of festivals like: Pakistani people celebrate a lot of festivals on that occasion they try to make contact to their all family members and other at any cost these occasions are Jashn-e-Baharan, Eid Celebrations and other cultural festivals. They create the lot of opportunities for telecommunication industry so they make calls to their relatives particularly on that festivals. Population is increasing Rapidly: The total population of Pakistan is approximately 169,248,500. The population is increasing rapidly which increase the number of cellular usage and help in projecting high profits. †¢ Factors Creating Threats: Un educated People: Low Educated people could not be able to understand the language of telecommunication (ZEM 1. O, ZEM 2. O etc). That create misunderstanding and create threat about the particular package. Corruption: Corruption is the major threat for any industry in the Pakistan that is because people are unaware and un educated but now these telecommunication companies are working on that like†¦. ? AJ NAE BOLO GY TO KAL BUGHTOO GY {Khamoshi Ka Boycott} (Djuice) ? KRO MUMKIN (Telenor) These are all campaign to educate people and develop the positive behavior in that social culture. Destroying Cultural norms: Although these companies are bringing positive change in the society but also destroying the social culture and providing the negative attitude to the young generation of the country by providing late night services that is affecting the education of the young generation. 4. Technological Analysis:- Technology is the most known word in the modern world so any advancement in the technology affects the industry if industry settles them accordingly then it opens lot of doors of success and achievement if they do not respond toward the advancement then that particular company goes into the darkness. †¢ Factors Creating Opportunities: Technology is changing the attitudes and behavior: Telecommunication technology id changing the behavior of the people and providing them opportunities to get the bright future. Impact on cost structure: Due to latest technology the cost of telecommunication industry is decreasing and they are giving lowest rates to the peoples to remain in contact with relatives and with heir family. Introduction Of CDMA technology: Introduction of CDMA (CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. )Technology in the mobile Sims is also creating the Opportunities for the telecommunication industry. This technology gives less radiation then GSM technology. 3G mobile technology: The latest technology of 3G mobile communications has been earmarked and PTA will soon be inviting applications for 3G spectrum auction. This technology will increase operating capacity and revenues by using HSPA technology. †¢ Factors Creating Threats: Focus on increasing the Coverage: The current focus of the telecommunication industry is on increasing the coverage rather then up gradation of the systems they should up grade the systems to meet the requirement of the modern world. Conclusion: The number of macro-environmental factors is virtually unlimited. In practice, the firm must monitor those factors that influence its industry. Even so, it may be difficult to forecast future trends with an acceptable level of accuracy. In this regard, the firm may turn to scenario planning techniques to deal with high levels of uncertainty in important macro-environmental variables

laceds@hotmail.com essays

laceds@hotmail.com essays After observing a film that attempted to portray the legacy of Christopher Columbus, I have reached my own personal conclusions regarding his achievements, or, more appropriately, misadventures. Although it is true Columbus initiated an exchange of education in matters of foods, cultures, languages and wars, the means by which he was able to obtain wealth while westernizing the new world can hardily be considered appropriate or praiseworthy. Driven by his lust for new resources, land, power and wealth, Columbus was both ruthlessly ambitious and overly determined. So much so, that upon his arrival at San Salvador, he refused to believe the aboriginals when they revealed he arrived on an island. In his ignorance he continued to believe he was in Asia, addressing them as Indians. Being that Columbus was not of noble blood, he had to convince Ferdinand and Isabella his trip would profit them, creating empty promises to discover back door route to the riches of Asia Cathay. With these claims he gained support from the monarchs, while he also received religious backing from the Catholic Church by using religion as a guise to pursue his greedy desires. It is extremely ironic that Columbus manages to gain sponsorship from the two super-powers of his era, Church and state. His tactics werent all that conventional; one only needs to look to the past to see where he gained his insight. Time and time again leaders achieved their wealth by stripping it from the poor of the land by treachery and deceit (indulgences, for example) and by cruelly raising taxes on the serfs (poor of the land) and extracting more money through the cruelties of the feudal system. Columbus merely mimicked past victories in hopes to of achieving his pursuit of wealth and power. Columbus' greed was obviously a motivating factor as he was promised not only profit, but also the title of, 'Admiral.' ...

In the instructins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

In the instructins - Essay Example The cartoon above by Rick Enright has been used to criticize the words and actions of the employers who say what they do not mean. At the same time, it also shows how these employers try to sympathize with the employees who have no alternative than to keep working for their exploitative employers. Similar scenario relates to the case of Tashi and the company presented in Weiner’s book who did not have an alternative route to the capital of Bhutan. Enright has been creating cartoons that especially criticize on industries, motivation, work effort, enthusiasm, delegation and responsibility, weights and heavy lifting which are mostly published on the website: jantoo.com (Enright 1). Jantoo website uses similar keywords which are often searched by organizational employees and employers to ensure he drives the message to the right audience. In his cartoon above, there are two people with uniforms and helmet, representing workers. However, between the two workers, one is adding more load onto the other person’s already heavy load. At the same time, the one adding the load is giving out a caution that the one being loaded should not to â€Å"over-do it.† The writing, â€Å"SAFETY FIRST† is put here to show how people usually say what they do not actually mean. For example, if the people in the picture were practicing safety first, then there was not supposed to be any instance whereby someone is overloaded to the point that some boxes are falling over. The cartoon has been used to criticize what we often see at our work places, and it is an appropriate illustration to its readers as they can directly relate to it following what they often see at the workplace. If we take the loader to be the leader or supervisor, we can say that the cartoon depicts a situation whereby those who create rules pertaining to safety are usually the first ones to go against such rules. One might wonder

'NGOs legitimacy and representation at the global level' Literature review

'NGOs legitimacy and representation at the global level' - Literature review Example ons and an annual addition of 1200 new ones (Yearbook of international organizations, 2013).This essay seeks to examine the concepts of legitimacy and representation of these NGOs at the global level. In addition, the essay intends to find out the ways in which accountability and representation can be enhanced. As a point of departure, a pressing question on the legitimacy and present political debate on reclaiming the democratic projects in the context of globalization has arose and it needs to be answered. Numerous institutions and scholars have always argued out the extent to which these NGOs are legitimate, responsible and answerable (MACDONALD, 2008). These aspects directly affect the subjects. For instance, the reason for the recent mounting of pressure of high profile campaigns for democratization of powerful international organizations such as the IMF and world Bank includes the belief that, these organizations are neither not representatives of the subjects, nor do they exhibit the aspects of accountable bodies. Montesquieu, a balanced democrat argues that any leadership that is a representative of subjects must get consent of the governed. This follows that, a legitimate NGO should be attributed to the consent of the governed either through elections or by acclamation. This follows that, democracy is exhibited in these institutions if Montesquieu principle is applied (LOY, 1968). On the other hand, Locke confirms that the aspect of legitimacy must be derived from the subjects and once a legitimate body has been consented, then subjects have a preserve of their rights through these bodies. Locke believes that, the interests of the subjects must come first before personal interests (LOCKE, 1990). The question that arises is that who bestows responsibilities to NGOs and how representation of citizens is gained? This follows that, the aspect of representation is challengeable. Despite MACDONALD’s assertion that, alternative non-electoral mechanism of

Recruitment Policies in IKEA

Recruitment Policies in IKEA Scenario: Human, physical, technological and financial resources are at the core of every organisation. The efficient management of these resources enable organisations to achieve their objectives. Also, for an organisation to survive, its finances need to be sound and secure, and the level of an organisations performance can be seen in its financial statements. A poor management of resources can have a negative impact on an organisations performance. You just been appointed as HR manager of newly opened IKEA in London and as part of your role, you have to recruit 7 sales assistants, undertake the following tasks in relation to the above: 1. Describe the recruitment documentation used in Ikea. 2. Describe the main employability, personal and communication skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea. 3. Describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of Ikea. 4. Describe sources of internal and external finance for the business of Ikea 5. Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet for Ikea 6. Illustrate the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control of Ikea. 7. Illustrate the financial state of Ikea. Summary of the unit: Business resources encompass different types of resources like human resources, financial, technological and physical. Proper human resources team can bring a good result in achieving a companys objective and success. In terms of financial management and financial control, is playing an important role in establishing a company. Besides this, business plan will assist and guide to where a company will go in present and in future. Overall, a good combination of business resources will bring success for any establishment of business. Introduction and Background of the organisation, companies or businesses:   IKEA Introduction IKEA is a private and known home furnishing company. Also it is an international home products retailer that sells flat pack furniture, accessories and kitchen items in their retail stores around the world. Mainly this company is pioneer in flat pack design furniture at affordable prices, is now the worlds largest furniture retailer. There are main chains of IKEA. The chain has 301 stores in 37 countries, most of them in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Background IKEA was founded in 1943 by 17 year old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden and it is owned by a Dutch registered foundation controlled by the Kamprad family. The name IKEA comes from the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, I and K, plus the first letters of Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd, which are the names of the farm and village where he grew up. The headquarters of IKEA is in Netherlands. IKEA owns and operates 384 stores in 48 countries. IKEAs mission, vision and purposes: IKEAs main passion to work hard to achieve quality at affordable prices for the customers through optimising the entire value chain, by building long-term supplier relationships, investing in highly automated production and producing large volumes. The vision of IKEA also goes beyond home furnishing. They want to create a better thing for all people from this business. Mission: IKEAs mission is to offer a wide range of home furnishing items of good design and function, excellent quality and durability, at prices so low that the majority of people can afford to buy them. Vision: The IKEA vision is the foundation for its growth strategy. to create a better everyday life for the many people. To meet this vision IKEA provides many well designed and functional product for the home. Objectives: IKEAs business strategy focuses on growth in three main areas: Quality products at low prices through its unique design processes A sustainable future through its people and planet positive approach Also co-workers are essential in growth strategy Size of Business: In the IKEA Group, they have 328 stores in 28 countries (as of 31 August, 2015). Products range is about 9500. Around 1,002 home furnishing suppliers in 51 countries. 59% of IKEA production is in Europe.   Only in Europe there are 222 stores. Excluding the stores, at the end of FY15 they had 27 Trading Service Offices in 23 countries, 33 Distri ­bution Centres and 15 Customer Distribution Centres in 17 coun ­tries, and 43 IKEA Industry pro ­duction units in 11 countries. Corporate Structure: The IKEA corporate structure is divided into two main parts: operations and franchising. Most of IKEAs furniture, including the management of majority stores, the design and manufacture, purchasing and supply functions are overseen by INGKA holdings. Group franchises the IKEA retail system from Inter IKEA Systems B.V. in the Netherlands. Inter IKEA Systems B.V. is the owner of the IKEA Concept and the worldwide IKEA franchisor. The IKEA Group of companies (INGKA Holding B.V. and its controlled entities) has an ownership structure that ensures independence and a long-term approach. The IKEA Group operates throughout the whole value chain from range strategy and product development to production, distribution and retails. IKEA Group of companies Stakeholders: The key stakeholders in a company impacted positive or negatively. As IKEA is not a primary sector organization but it needs raw materials to develop its products. Hence primary sector suppliers, manufacturer for secondary sector are the stakeholders of IKEA. The key stakeholders of IKEA are the customers and employees, both are considered main stakeholders. Besides this, suppliers, internal employees, trade union, managers, owners, shareholders play an important role. Type of ownership IKEA is actually a privately held company owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation, a non-profit registered in Leiden in the Netherlands that is controlled by the Kamprads three sons. IKEA Limited is licensed to sell under the IKEA brand name by Inter IKEA Systems B.V., a company registered in the Netherlands. IKEAs Company Structure The structure of business can affect the way it works and performs. An organisational structure is when employees are grouped into functional areas, which relate to their job, so that people doing similar jobs work in the same area. Inter IKEA Group (Inter IKEA Holding B.V. and all its subsidiaries) is owned by Interogo Foundation, based in Liechtenstein and established in 1989.   Ã‚   The foundation is an independent entity with legal personality and its own governing bodies. The foundation exists for an unlimited period of time. Inter IKEA and Interogo were established during the 1980s to secure independence and longevity of the IKEA Concept. The IKEA Concept is the core asset of Inter IKEA Group and its franchisor operation. The overall purpose of Inter IKEA Group is to secure continuous improvement, development, expansion and a long life of the IKEA Concept. This will require investments in both good and bad times. 1. Describe the recruitment documentation used in Ikea. There are different types of documentation used in recruitment process, such as application letter, form, CV, person specification, interview, JD, Letter of appointment. The details are as follows: Application Letter A letter of application, also known as cover letter, is a job application document to provide detailed information of the candidate. The employers will able to know in which position a candidate apply for and why the employer will select the candidate. When writing an application letter should include: subject, greetings, body of letter and signature. Application Form An application form is an essential part of the job search for a candidate to fill for the company so that they can get the information they want. In addition, many large commercial companies are use standard job application form because they are much quicker and time saving. CV of a candidate A curriculum vita is a written overview of a persons experience and other qualifications. Businesses will use application forms and CVs to see whether an applicant matches the job specification or not. The closest matching applicants are invited to interviews in the selection stage. Interview: Interviews are the most popular form of selection. Interview can be one-to-one, two-to-one or a panel of people to interview people which is used to select people for important jobs. Some businesses include tests in their selection. Person specification: The person specification is the single most important document in effective recruitment and selection. It allows defining the kind of person a company want and so accordingly helps you to write an accurate job advert. It enables to assess each candidate fairly and objectively. Recruitment process of IKEA The traditional methods of job vacancies are to make people aware of the need to compete with the recruitment web-based systems. Traditional methods: newspaper advertising, paper-based curriculum vitae (CV), letter, word of mouth, the paper-based application form, job opportunities and the fair poster. Internet-based methods: online application form, online Curriculum Vitae, e-mail, Internet advertising, Curriculum Vitae information on the web page, the web page of the working group and the pop-up Web page. Online Recruitment is much faster than traditional methods and has a number of benefits over using paper. It is possible to monitor how many people have gone on to a website to look at a job. But each and every company has followed its own recruitment process. IKEAs recruitment process runs like following. First of all if anybody is interested in working in IKEA, he/she has to go through a list of open positions. If any post are suitable or challenging and moreover if he/she meet the requirements, apply via a button directly in an advertisement. If there is no open position interesting for a person but want to work in IKEA, send the CV to IKEA. IKEA will give an e-mail answer about receiving the request or CV in both cases. Then IKEA management will assess delivered applications then and choose from applicants several most suitable candidates for the particular job position. After that a formal invitation sent to the candidates via e-mail or phone to participate in a selection process. How a selection process runs Selection process usually consists of three rounds. First of them is assessment centre, second one is a personal interview with a future manager and third one is a personal interview with a boss of this manager. Assessment centre Assessment centre is a way to know more about their future colleagues when they are solving different tasks and discuss with others. There are about 10 applicants participating. Both group tasks which a person will solve together with other participants and individual tasks are included. The great advantage is that candidate can get a feedback from one of the assessors if he/she wants to. They can know about their own strengths and weaknesses important for the career, where the advantage lies for a candidate and where they can improve. Second round Two or three candidates who pass to the second round are chosen based on the assessment centre results. The second round is a personal interview with a future manager. Usually IKEA personnel do not ask tricky questions. They appreciate the most candidates honesty. They could ask to fill in a personal test as a part of the interview. If you want to ask anything about the future job, this is the right time to ask. 3. Personal interview The third round is a personal interview between the most suitable candidate and the boss of the persons future manager, so called grandparent principle. IKEA are also interested in a candidates motivation to work in IKEA in this phase and what expectation he/she has. JOB ROLE: HR Manager As a HR Manager I need to set some criteria regarding the scope of work within the organisation. IKEA always look for the following things within a candidate and thus they issue job description. This is a task of a HR manager. The manager should be aligned with other departments during the process of recruitment. Practical skills Ability to understand and get along with other people Ability to ask questions and give inputs Encouraged employees to question the management and express their ideas and belief Co-workers who had mastered their current jobs were encouraged to seek new challenges Job enlargement or enrichment Value fit was the selection criteria Why Savers- ideas to improve store The company even gave an advertisement inviting Why Savers to join the company Express Yourself- share companies concerns and complaints with Spiers Lopez This improved the morale within the company as she responded to their complaints personally It had a comprehensive communications system for employees like IKEA Radio and intranet. It also reached employees through printed material as well Job description: This document provides an understanding of the positions major responsibilities, details how the responsibilities are accomplished, and identifies the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to perform the job. In the organization a job description sets out the scope of work of the main responsibilities and the main tasks to be done. A job description is needed to set out how to fit into the work structure a particular employee. So it sets out: The title of the job To whom the employee is responsible For whom the employee is responsible 2. Describe the main employability, personal and communication skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea. IKEA is an equal opportunity employer. IKEA does not discriminate in recruitment, hiring or terms or conditions of employment on the basis of race, religious creed, colour, age, sex, gender identity, genetic information, sexual orientation, national origin, religion, marital status, medical condition, physical or mental disability, military service, pregnancy, childbirth and related medical conditions, or any other classification protected by federal, state, and local laws and ordinances. IKEA called all its employees, regardless of rank, coworkers. To promote open communication, IKEA adopted a structure with no hierarchical distinctions. Employees were encouraged to express their opinions and ideas directly to the top management. Employees were rewarded with high level of empowerment. Cost consciousness was deeply embedded in IKEAs culture. IKEAs culture promoted diversity. Openness to change and adaptability were stressed at IKEA. Week-long orientation program in Sweden on the IKEA WAY An IKEA co-workers main task is to maximize sales and profitability in his/her area of responsibility using knowledge of the IKEA product range, local market conditions and the needs of customers. Candidate employability skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea include: Suitable qualification and experience in same role which helps to maximize sales and profitability by ensuring area of responsibility. Knowledge of product or services are required for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikeato provide the company best sales performance. Need to share knowledge with customers and colleagues. Experience of specific industry will help to provide best input for a company Preparing area of responsibility for stock replenishment and next days business. Ability to observe and raise professional standards of production/service delivery. Candidate personal and professional skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea include: Patience and hardworking are the key elements in sales profession. Self-confidence about approaching and talking to people in a polite and friendly manner. Able to work with others in a team. Flexible approach to work and are open to change. Should have an interest in home furnishing and peoples everyday life at home. Ability to priorities and organize assigned work to make efficient use of time. Negotiation skills in sales work enhance the development in career Agreed with the sales target is a reflection of confidence Able to resolving conflicts 3. Describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of Ikea. Physical Resources Physical and technological resources are always required in the operation of a company. Whether these resources are physical resources, such as property, equipment and materials, or less tangible human resources, emergency provision, insurance and security, money is required to pay for their use. As a result, the management of finance is inseparable from the management of the business as a whole. Land, Labour, Capital and Enterprise are also referred to as the Factors of production. Physical resources of IKEA include machines which are used to fill the stock in self-serve and full serve areas are checked and charged daily. Physical Resources used in IKEA include: Buildings and Facilities IKEA has expanded its product base to include flat-pack houses and apartments, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyers home. The IKEA product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska. Now working in the Nordic countries and in the UK, sites confirmed in England include London, Ashton-under-Lyne, Leeds, Gateshead, Warrington and Liverpool. The Ikea store on Yas Island will have a total floor area of 32,000 square meters and a sales area of 19,150 square meters. It will have a restaurant of 2,100 square meters with a seating capacity of 550, as well as 1,500 parking places. Yas Island store are providing a strong impetus for the Swedish furniture and Furnishings Company to push ahead with plans to expand in the region. Materials and Waste IKEA will need to make sure that all of their stores have the right amount of their products in the store to keep up with the demand of the customers buying them. In the warehouse, IKEA will need to make sure that they have the materials stored in a format where they are easily accessible so they can be made into the products being sold. IKEA needs to get rid of their waste and therefore may ask the government to help them with this. Plant and Machinery: Physical resources of IKEA like machines which are used to fill the stock in self-serve and full serve areas are checked and charged daily. The machines, building and production capacity are all well maintained to survive in retail business. They need to improve on POS terminal at exchange and returns where there have been cases of money laundering. Employees have stolen money and caught after many days. So these things need to be taken care of from the management and finance department. This leads to decrease in profits. IKEA Dubai has more than 300 employees from different nationalities and regularly they are given training in their training centre. Expert professors and managers give them training to increase employee knowledge of products and increase skills at their work. Equipment including ICT IKEAs IT facility is related with the other resources within and outside this company.   The company is planning to launch a new website, ikeabusiness.com, where small business owners can discover new ideas for designing their offices and share them with other entrepreneurs. Families can design their kitchens at IKEA Home planning service where once they design their kitchen they have to pay 500Dhs kitchen charges which is refundable once the customer buys the kitchen. Planned Maintenance and Refurbishment Important feature of IKEA stores is their long opening hours. Many stores are in operation 24 hours a day with restocking and maintenance being carried out throughout the night. Warehouse maintained in planned way. Emergency Provision IKEA have emergency provision in case of an accident and incident. Workers may have an emergency situation in that case after verification, documents provide to IKEA. Insurance The people who are engaged with IKEA FAMILY, they can enjoy free product insurance facility. They can insure their new products against accidental damage on the way home and during assembly by swiping the IKEA family card at the check outs. Security IKEA use the latest security technology to encrypt all personal information which a person submits through the IKEAs website, including card numbers, address and other information. They encrypt this information using SSL technology which allows it to be transmitted securely over the Internet without anyone else having access to it. The machines, building and production capacity are all well maintained to survive in retail business. At IKEA, they want to have a positive impact on people and the planet. Thats why theyre going all-in on things that really matter, from switching their entire lighting range to energy-efficient LED to sourcing all of the cotton they use in their products from more sustainable sources. They are also working towards 100% renewable energy producing as much as they consume in their operations and sourcing all of their wood from more sustainable sources by 2020. And the IKEA Group and IKEA Foundation have made new commitments that add up to $1 billion for climate action. IKEA resources can be classified tangible and intangible. The tangible resources available to the company IKEA, they may differ in Physical and Financial. Within the physical resources, find machinery, which is characterized by modern and specific. Secondly, they have distribution centres, which are computerized and automated hierarchical systems, and finally they have additional shops and services that have standard models, in which they can find special services such as restaurant, day-care and parking. Concerning financial resources, they have used Reinvestment in IKEA as a key resource. There are two types of intangible resources, human and non-human, as nonhuman, can highlight the technology, they find patents according to the composition of materials. Another thing is that IKEA has a unique company culture, since the vision, mission and values are present in every business process, plus annual management meetings are held to improve all business activities. Finally they find organisational resources, which are business ideas. Regarding human intangible resources, they can cover in this area to permanent workers, average wages and high standards of the company. Technological resources include operation systems and tools required to effectively produce or create a product or service. These include energy, information, people, tools, machines, capital and time. Technological resources help production processes and service delivery in companies and organizations. The main Technological resources required in the operation of Ikea include the following: intellectual property, for example designs, drawings, text, music, video Having the right type of intellectual property protection helps people to stop anybody stealing or copying: the names of products or brands inventions the design or look of the products things the company write, make or produce Copyright, patents, designs and trademarks are all types of intellectual property protection. So IKEA have their own design, drawing for their furniture. accumulated experience and skills; The accumulated experience is what people have gained over years of working. Employees with more experience are likely to better than new employees. Also there should be enough people with the skills to carry out the operations in the business. At IKEA they believe in people. Behind every product are humble, enthusiastic teams that make it possible. They offer exceptional career and learning possibilities. They encourage a person to try different roles, change between functions and even move abroad. A Person can design their own career path according to their development plan and future goals. IKEA believe in everyones ability to develop. Because as a person grow, IKEA grows too. software licences There are many businesses that they have to invest their money into specialists software programmes so that they can operate properly. They have their own software module which consists of various software and material for which the intellectual property rights are vested in companies in the IKEA group. protection via patents and copyrights IKEA can use their money to protect their technological resources, but they can also use legislation to protect their ideas that they have come up with and they will need to be able to prove that their idea has been used without permission. 4. Describe sources of internal and external finance for the business of Ikea Mainly IKEA is a privately owned company, hence they are not bound to disclose their financial information in the form of GPFRs i.e. balance sheets and PL statements. Therefore they only disclosed limited amount of information to the public. Objectives of financial management profitability, growth, efficiency, liquidity, solvency short-term and long-term These objectives remain constant for every business and due to the nature of IKEA efficiency is quite a major component of their management strategy. Also as IKEA is privately run and Ingvar Kamprad is one of the wealthiest men (currently 4th richest) on the planet then it could be easily seen that return on equity is a major financial objective. Inter dependence with other key business function  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   They have their own software module with Influences on financial management Internal sources of finance retained profits External sources of finance Debt: short-term borrowing (overdraft, commercial bills, factoring), long-term borrowing (mortgage, debentures, unsecured notes, leasing) Equity ordinary shares (new issues, rights issues, placements, share purchase plans), private equity Internal owners equity, retained profits Internal sources would be used by IKEA to a certain degree in particular retained profits. As IKEA is not a publicly listed company and is operated through a trust structure, share issue is not particularly relevant to IKEAs current financial structure external short-term borrowing, (overdraft, bank bills), long-term borrowing (mortgage, debentures) leasing, factoring, venture capital, grants. External borrowings through debt financing are much more likely to be used by IKEA. The combination of short and long term would be utilized to maximize advantages to IKEA. Financial institutions banks, investment banks, finance companies, superannuation funds, life insurance companies, unit trusts and the Australian Securities Exchange Influence of government Australian Securities and Investments Commission, company taxation. Global market influences economic outlook, availability of funds, interest rates 5. Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet for Ikea. IKEA produces the financial statement each year for their company. These statement is appear as company report. There are two main financial statement: The profit and loss account The balance sheet The profit and loss account may be updated regularly and shows how much profit or loss a business is making. A profit can be made in several ways, for example; From trading, in the case of a high street shop, i.e. buying and selling items such as home furniture, like IKEA From manufacturing, for example a company like IKEA made affordable prices furniture. It buys raw materials such as wood, bamboo, cane and Jute which helps to processes to make furniture. The top section of a PL account is known as the trading account for a business that buys and sells items e.g. a furniture shop. What is known as the gross profit is calculated by deducting cost of sales from turnover. The Balance Sheet The Balance Sheet is a snapshot taken at a particular moment in time giving a summary of the overall financ