Business Plan For Clean Cleaning Services - 1120 Words

MAID TO CLEAN BUSINESS PLAN Danyell Knox Policy Strategy University Of Bridgeport EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Maid to clean cleaning services is a commercial, and residential cleaning service, which plans to target the upper, and middle-class families within the state of Connecticut. Additionally, Maid To Clean Cleaning Services will also provider-cleaning services to commercial business throughout the state of Connecticut as well. We would like to service residential customers who incomes are greater than $ 100, 000 annually, these typical customers are ages 33- 65 and live in residential homes which exceeds the value of $ 250, 000, as this particular market would be more willing to pay for our â€Å"premium services’ which will be offered as an upgrade on cleaning services already purchased. Maid to clean will also offer basic cleaning services to our commercial business, and credit business owners discounts for referrals to new business owners as well. Maid To Clean will offer a high level of services, and professionalism, which is second to none in the industry. Maid to clean will also offer convenient scheduling online for our busy clientele, who may not have time to call, and book the appointment. Maid To Clean will focus on providing superior cleaning services, which will be backed by our â€Å"second hand quality check†. The second hand quality check means for every job, a team leader do once last walk around the residential area, and checkShow MoreRelatedBusiness Analysis : A Dime A Dozen Dusters1277 Words   |  6 PagesMarket analyst Business name-A Dime A Dozen Dusters Our market in size is relatively large, any Indiana state University student that is in need of a clean home is our target market. The demographics that are in our advantage are primarily young, and anyone attending Indiana State University. Our company structure is an Oligopoly structure, because we are not the only cleaning company around. The growth prospects of our business consists of getting top management personally involved in sales, beingRead MoreBusy Bee Is A Cleaning Business1219 Words   |  5 PagesBusy bee is a cleaning business, doing domestic cleaning. It has been operated for 3 years. I just bought it recently. It has kitchen, bathroom, vacuum, mob and tidy cleaning jobs. Sometimes there are some extra jobs such as shirt cleaning, and cloth iron. Currently there are 200 customers, mainly located at Hawthorn and Toorak. The area mainly lives with high and middle income customers. The business works from Monday to Saturday. Sunday is a rest day. The customers are ma inly families with childrenRead MoreCleaning Business Plan1539 Words   |  7 PagesCOFIELD’S CLEANING SERVICE SONJI MORTON COFIELD, PROPRIETOR September 30, 2011 COFIELD CLEANING SERVICE BUSINESS PLAN SUMMARY Cofield Cleaning Service is a start-up business that provides cleaning services for residential homes. Primary services include floor, window, and bathroom care. The business is seeking $5,900 for equipment, supplies, and advertising. The name and address of the business is: Cofield’s Cleaning Service 600 Hunterdale Road Franklin, VA 23851 Phone: 757-304-9401 Read MoreMean Kleen Is A Family Oriented Business Based On Core Values1582 Words   |  7 PagesMean Kleen is a family oriented business based on core values such as teamwork, motivation, leadership, and of course success! Mean Kleen will be addressing the wealthy single-income households and the wealthy two-income households. These targeted families are willing to pay for the service because of the high level of professionalism and trustworthiness that is offered. We will always work hard to achieve a large percentage of loyal, repeat customers who regularly use us, as well as beingRead MoreThe Vision, Scope, And Objective For The Recommendation Project Plan1575 Words   |  7 Pagesrecommendation project plan for the expansion of JOHN’s Laundromat in downtown Tampa to provide laundry services to a specific segment of its market demographic. The vision of the project is to create a new type of services for professional employees and business people in its area in order to boost sale revenues and increase its profit margin. Since JOHN’s Laundromat started in 2004, the company has been operating as a full- service coin operated Laundromat providing great and friendly services to customersRead MoreCleaning Company Essay877 Words   |  4 Pages   Marketing  your cleaning company Your hunger to be not only self employed, but also to be the employer of others has lead you to this. Any day now, your phone will be ringing off the hook with clients. Luckily for you, you have a hungry crew ready to get to work. The best equipment you could find is at the ready. Supplies are stacked to the ceiling. Its only a matter of time before your cleaning company becomes a house hold name in your city, state, or even nationwide. Only thing thats missingRead MoreSupply Of High Standards Of Food Safety1557 Words   |  7 Pagesproper balance to be made in the allocation of space. The economic viability of the business must be carefully calculated beforehand. Having gained planning permission for this establishment ask yourself what you wish to achieve. Firstly the operation must be profitable, to achieve this you must have the right all round equipment and staff. Secondly to stay in business you must have premises that are hygienically clean at all times, remember you are dealing with the public. To achieve this you willRead MoreWorking as a Housekeeper1355 Words   |  6 Pagesworry about is cleaning the house. Weekends are spent running errands and spending quality time with friends and family members. Therefore, many families are looking for outside assistance with housekeeping. In the past, housekeepers were thought of as the hired help and were thus treated like 18th century scullery maids. This is no longer the case. Housekeepers have reached a well-deserved level of respectability for their highly appreciated services. Starting a house cleaning business is an easyRead MoreCase Study : Kita s All At One Dry Cleaners And Laundry Services Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesKita’s all in one dry cleaners and laundry services is a local laundry and dry cleaner company as the name suggest. Using key concepts derived from Phillip Kotler, marketing management a marketing plan was developed. The plan incorporates a careful background and situational analysis of the company which confirmed the absence of and need of a formal marketing plan. This was supported by a SWOT analysis being conducted and assessments of their market, service and sales strategy. The key objectives,Read MoreUnited States Marine Corps ( Usmc ) Base Of Military Bases Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthing about cleaning the gear is that Marines are taking the flak jackets apart and drying them in a dryer. The problem with that is that the outer shell will shrink so it’s harder to get the SAPI (Small Arms Protective Inserts) plates back into them. If you wash it you have to let the outer shell air dry† (Muth, 2006). This causes an extra amount of stress while trying to transition out of the military. The gear has to be clean, undamaged and the correct generation that the service member was issued

The Mcgill Model Of Nursing - 1860 Words

This paper looks at the McGill model of nursing created by Moyra Allen with developmental assistance from her colleagues at McGill University. It focuses on maintaining health and the prevention of illness in the client, family and community. The use of this model when dealing with the current societal problem of obesity is largely effective, not solely for obesity but also the illness and disease that can occur along side it. By applying the practice based theory, and implementing health promotional practices the current obesity problem in the public can be prevented and solved. The Use of the McGill Model of Nursing to Cease the Obesity Pandemic Nurses all over the world base their practice on the various nursing theories to†¦show more content†¦Another way Allen contributed to the profession was by creating Nursing Papers, later referred to as the Canadian Journal or nursing research. Another way Allen contributed to the world of nursing was by participating as a founding member of the World Health Organization committee that developed the accreditation system for nursing schools; as well as the evaluation model for abroad institutes. In 1954, Allen began her monumental career at the McGill University’s School of Nursing. (Potter, Griffin-Perry, Stockert Hall, 2014, p.60) After the 1960s, Canada had an increased demand for nurse’s duties due to the health care reform. (Wright Gros, 2012, p. 176) Allen believed that nursing had two possible routes to adapt the profession to the changes in the health care system, the first, to expand the scope medically, or the second; the formation of a new role in n ursing that involves family health promotion. (Wright Gros, 2010, p. 176) While at the University Allen created the McGill model of Nursing and her colleagues assisted her in the development of the model. However, at first Allen called her model the â€Å"Developmental Health Model†, with the intent of separating nursing from other health care jobs, she later renaming it the McGill model. The model’s central concepts include, health, family, collaboration, and learning with great emphasis on learning. Together, nurses, clients, families, andShow MoreRelatedAn ?Analysis of? the Impact of the Mcgill Model and the Relational Nursing Model3609 Words   |  14 Pagesconstructs of the McGill model, for instance strengths. Twp survey relied on primary data from the two interview sessions with the resource family. The notes gathered during the interview sessions were content analyzed and the application of various nursing strategies investigated. Introduction The paper offers an analysis of the two interviews with the resource family. The analysis would offer a description of the motivational interview experience through the context of the McGill model of Family AssessmentRead MoreReflections Of A Nursing Student926 Words   |  4 Pages Reflections of a Nursing Student Chibuzor Eronini University of Alberta â€Æ' Reflections of a Nursing Student The interdisciplinary course is an essential pre-requisite for after degree nursing students. As a final year nursing student, I believe this course will help me to acquire the skills necessary for inter-professional practice. Furthermore, I will be able to develop competencies necessary to provide patient-centered care. For my classroom experience, my team members and I have beenRead MoreFamily Centred Care2050 Words   |  9 Pages Nursing has evolved in many ways over the years, in particular is the Florence Nightingale foundation of caring for the whole family and not just the patient. The following case study of Omid s story: The Power of Family-Centered Care highlights the positive and negative aspects of their family’s healthcare experiences , and models of family nursing and concepts of family-centred care. By comparing the theories and models to what is currently put into practice by today’s nurses and healthcareRead MoreThe Design Model Developed By Sister Callista Roy1560 Words   |  7 Pagestheir needs. Multiple conceptual models exist in order guide the evaluation process as well as to enhance the nurses’ scope of practice. The focus of this paper will be based on the Roy Adaptation Model developed by Sister Callista Roy, in which the model will be explained, analyzed and discussed through a clinical situation. Presentation of the conceptual model Sister Callista Roy established her first publication of the Roy Adaptation model in 1970 defining nursing as enhancing life processes toRead MoreCommunication Therapists And Speech Language Pathologists880 Words   |  4 Pages The interdisciplinary course is an essential pre-requisite for after degree nursing students as it allows individuals to acquire the skills necessary for inter-professional practice, as well as developing competencies necessary for patient-centered care. For my classroom experience, my team members and I have been studying the Mabel video series and reflecting on various aspects care on a multidisciplinary team, Mabel is a patient who suffered a stroke and has multiple interactions with the healthRead MoreThe Design Model Developed By Sister Callista Roy1563 Words   |  7 Pagestheir needs. Multiple conceptual models exist in order to guide the evaluation process as well as to enhance the nurses’ scope of practice. The focus of this paper will be based on the Roy Adaptation Model developed by Sister Callista Roy, in which the model will be explained, analyzed and discussed through a clinical situation. Presentation of the conceptual model Sister Callista Roy established her first publication of the Roy Adaptation model in 1970 defining nursing as enhancing life processesRead MoreDorothy Orem1533 Words   |  7 PagesPhoenix NUR 403 Theories and Models of Nursing Practice January 8, 2012 Mary McGill, RN, MSN DOROTHEA OREM Nursing Theorist Grid Theorist Selected: Dorothea Orem Description of Theory: â€Å" The central philosophy of the self-care deficit Nursing theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they are able. â€Å" ( Nursing-theory.org, 2011) ThereRead MoreThe Delivery Of Healthcare Is The Proper Management Of Patient Pain1912 Words   |  8 Pages(an opioid) during the perioperative phase compared to patients who receive an alternate pain medication in the perioperative phase?† This PICOT drives a more practical question in the deployment phase of a related change in practice, how can the nursing staff ensure the proper measurement of pain so that optimal pain management can occur? Literature Review The review of existing literature as it relates to the implementation of evidence-based practice change for a pain management program involvesRead MoreConcept Analysis : Pain Management3568 Words   |  15 Pagesexamine the concept of pain management within the context of nursing, sociology and psychology. The overall goal of this concept analysis, is to gain a deeper understanding of pain itself, and to recognize appropriate pain management especially within the non-verbal patient. Concept Analysis/Essential/Critical Attributes Introduction Pain management is a concept associated with several different disciplines to include nursing, psychology, and sociology. The reason this topic was selectedRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing : A Continuum Of Care From Health Promotion And Prevention2342 Words   |  10 Pagesis to discuss community health nursing, and how it fosters nursing practice through the experience gained from analyzing two scenarios from the Aberhart Center Tuberculosis Clinic. The CARNA competencies will be applied to the experiences. Community Health Nursing Community health nursing is a continuum of care from health promotion and prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care (Canadian Nurses Association [CNA], 2010). Community health nursing is comprised of community health

Sir Gawain Chivalry Essay Example For Students

Sir Gawain Chivalry Essay Chivalry is usually known as a moral system or an honor code. It originated inthe 12th century when kings ruled the country, as a code to make peace. Nowthere is no king or queen monarchy, now theres that wonderful thing that wecall the Government. If you were to ask me if chivalry existed today Id haveto say that there are some examples, but there sure arent as many as thereused to be. Back in the time when King Arthur ruled a lot of the people wereloyal to their king and their country. Now our wonderful crime, racism, and hateconquer all systems. Some ways that you might be able to say that chivalry stillis around is perhaps clubs, such as, basketball teams or baseball teams. Theteams as well as the fans have great loyalty to their team. The fans will waitoutside for days to get tickets for the big game. People pay to see fights onPay-Per-View. And if you ever go to a Hawks game Ill guarantee you that theirfans will tell off anyone that is saying anything bad about their belovedtea m! Another way that you could find chivalry today would be all the Unions. Chicago Unions have plenty of hard working men and women in all sorts of trades. They are very loyal and proud (most of them!) of their work that they have done. Then you get the people that just want their paycheck. Those are the types thatreally dont show much loyalty or contribute much to their job. Some ways thatyou could say that there is not really chivalry in todays society is theslowly disintegrating church. Not nearly as many people are becoming involved inthe church now as in earlier centuries. If you look at the data there is a bigdecrease in Ministers, Priests, Nuns, and Deacons. I know this because my Dad isbecoming ordained to be a Deacon in about a year. After he is done doing all ofthe steps, he will become a deacon in the Catholic Church. I think that somepeople dont care, but also I think that they just have too many things to do,and are too busy for the church. In my overall view of chivalry I would say thatit depends how you define chivalry to say if it exists anymore. There are a lotof pros and a lot of cons, but it all depends on the persons beliefs. I thinkthat chivalry exists today, but its mostly up to the reader to d efine it asright or wrong. There is no right or wrong answer, its your opinion. European History

Japanese Colonialism In Korea Essays (725 words) -

Japanese Colonialism in Korea North and South Korea are nations that while filled with contempt for Japan have used the foundations that Japan laid during the colonial period to further industrialization. Japan's colonization of Korea is critical in understanding what enabled Korea to industrialize in the period since 1961. Japan's program of colonial industrialization is unique in the world. Japan was the only colonizer to locate various heavy industry is in its colonies. By 1945 the industrial plants in Korea accounted for about a quarter of Japan's industrial base. Japan's colonization of Korea was therefore much more comparable to the relationship between England and Ireland then that of European colonization of Asia or Africa. Japan's push to create colonial industry lead Japan to build a vast network of railroads, ports, and a system of hydro-electric dams and heavy industrial plants around the Yalu River in what is now North Korea. The Japanese to facilitate and manage the industrialization of a colony also put in place a strong central government. Although Japan's colonial industrialism in Korea was aimed at advancing Japanese policies and goals and not those of the Korean populace; colonization left Korea with distinct advantages over other developing countries at the end of World War Two. Korea was left with a base for industrializing, a high level of literacy, experience with modern commerce, and close ties to Japan. Japan's colonial heavy industrial plants were located primarily around the Yalu River in North Korea. Because of this the North had an edge in industrialization. For many years the North had the fastest growth rates of the communist countries, and its cities were on par with those of Eastern Europe. It was not until the early 1970's that the South surpassed the North in levels of industrialization. Because most of the heavy industrial plants were either located in North Korea or destroyed by the Korean War the groundwork for industrialization that South Korea received from Japanese colonialism consisted mostly of social changes. During colonialism Korea's populace in increasing numbers moved to cities and became urbanized these new urbanites worked in factories and were used to the organization of modern commerce. The Japanese also let a small number of Koreans develop into a semi-elite. Although this group never held powerful positions many of them were educated in Japanese schools, and became either involved in the military or worked as businessmen, bureaucrats, lawyers, and doctors. This elite provided much of the leadership and framework for post World War Two Korean Government in Korea. They had an intimate knowledge of Japanese companies, language, organizational structure, and government. The Korean elites that emerged after the liberation of 1945 and helped steer Korea's economic policies under Park Chung Hee had an intimate knowledge of Japan. Some of them like Park had been educated in Japanese schools, some had worked for the Japanese, and nearly all of them spoke fluent Japanese. It was this closeness to Japan both geographically and culturally that made it natural for the Koreans to use the Japanese model of industrialization when Japan's economy boomed in the 1960's and 1970's. The leaders of Korea were ambivalent about relying on Japan, on one hand they felt a profound respect for Japan and its successes and on the other a deep hatred for what Japan had done to Korea in the past. But Japan still served as a model for Park Chung Hee who normalized relations with Japan in 1965 and turned to Japan for technology, equipment, and a model for development. Some nationalistic Korean scholars say that Japan's colonialism slowed Korea's growth by exploiting Korea and disturbing its economy. But these views of Korea ignore the fundamental role that Japan's policies of industrial colonialism played in allowing Korea to Industrialize during the 1960's. Japan's colonialism improved infrastructure, urbanized the nation, educated much of the populace, gave the pubic experience with modern commerce, and indoctrinated Korean elites in the Japanese language and culture. It was Korean elites history and close ties with Japan that made them turn naturally to Japan to provide a development model. Japan's legacy of colonialism in Korea is felt not only in the many graves and monuments that attest to Japanese brutality but also

Legal week, Lucid language - Emphasis

Legal week, Lucid language Legal week, Lucid language Plain language need not mean dumbing down. Clear, well-drafted advice makes things easier for clients, raising the chance that they will call on you more frequently. The moment you become overly reliant on a thesaurus or get carried away with archaic terms is the moment you risk losing your reader. This is not to say you cannot use technical language or clarify your points, it just means thinking of your reader at all times and making sure you communicate difficult or complex topics clearly. It is all about readability, not just the vocabulary you use. That means organising the structure so that it is logical and straightforward. Complex legal principles are not always easy to convey, but easy reading doesnt necessarily have to mean extra-hard writing. The truth is that legal documents do not have to be written in language which is full of jargon and difficult for the average person to understand. The tide is turning, as law firms such as Nabarro, SJ Berwin, DLA Piper and CMS Cameron McKenna recognise the value of better writing skills and commission specialist training programmes. In fact, Nabarro recently launched a high-profile, firm-wide campaign Clarity Matters to simplify the way its lawyers write. Here are some of the most common errors made by lawyers when writing and tips on remedying them. Mistake: adding in unnecessary words, such as therein, herein, forthwith and aforesaid Poor prose: I herein enclose the contract for the aforesaid book, as requested. Better prose: I enclose the contract for the book, as requested. The herein and aforesaid are unnecessary and make the sentence sound archaic and stilted. Mistake: verbosity Poor prose: Pursuant to the recent communication of the improper proposal that the information be falsified, such assertion could only have been ascertained or appreciated from a full, detailed review of the meeting notes. Better prose: The claim that the information was falsified is wrong. This would have been clear if a detailed review of the meeting notes had been conducted. The author of the first example is more than a little disgruntled. But the message is hidden behind too much flowery language. The second suggestion gets to the heart of the problem and makes the meaning clear. Note that the passive voice is used in the second example to soften the blow. You dont always have to use the active voice, just make sure that if you do use it, you do so consciously. Mistake: using nouns instead of verbs Poor prose: In the case of X, we believe the company is in possession of a structure that would be acceptable for securitisation. Better prose: X possesses a structure that is acceptable for securitisation. Possession is a noun, whereas possesses is a verb. Verbs create action in the sentence which moves the pace along and helps keep the readers interest. We believe has also been taken out as the sentence already asserts the writers belief. Mistake: overuse of the passive voice Poor prose: The role played by the client in the project has been investigated. Better prose: X investigated the clients role in the project. The first example doesnt tell us who investigated the role, creating a very impersonal tone. Using the active voice makes the writing easier to read. It also forces you to say who or what is taking the action, as the second example shows, making the sentence more specific and connecting the reader to what is happening. Of course, the passive voice can be useful where the intention is to obfuscate or create distance. Mistake: long, complex sentences and paragraphs Poor prose: As per earlier correspondence, I have attached the quotes that we have obtained from three firms (a) Hooke, Lyne and Siennker (contacts David Hooke and Franz Siennker) (This is separate to the law firm but forms part of the same group, and also has a different administrative team) (b) Edna Clouds (contacts Clare Edna and Michael Clouds I note you have already met Michael) and (c) Maybey Knott who are a limited company (the contacts there are Noel Maybey and James Knott). Better prose: Following our previous correspondence, I have attached quotes from three firms. The contacts for Hooke, Lyne and Siennker are David Hooke and Franz Siennker. Please note that this firm has a separate administration team, even though it is part of the same group. Edna Clouds contacts are Clare Edna and Michael Clouds, who you already know. Maybey Knott Ltds contacts are Noel Maybey and James Knott. When a sentence runs past three lines, you know you are in trouble. In the first example, there are also too many brackets and too much information squeezed in one space, which can become confusing. The second example takes out all the brackets and sets everything out much more clearly. Long sentences are often the result of fuzzy thinking. So, the first step is to ensure that you think before you write. That means never using the writing process to clarify your thoughts. Consider the main subject areas and issues you need to cover first. Questions are a useful prompt. Then use each heading to brainstorm all the points related to that subject. Knowing what you want to say before you write gives you a fighting chance of building a logical structure. Dealing with technical information The first step is to think about your audience and avoid a one size fits all approach. Use technical language in order to be precise. At each stage pick the best word to communicate your ideas and thoughts. The benchmark test is to think about whether another lawyer or layperson (depending on your audience) would be able to understand instantly what you mean. If not, it is time to go back to the computer and tweak it. It can also help if you try not to think of it as legal writing, but merely writing, which simply aims to communicate effectively. Punchy prose saves time and money and is far more likely to persuade the reader. It may mean a bit of extra effort, but it could well pay dividends. Robert Ashton is chief executive of Emphasis, the specialist business writing trainers.

Famous Quotes of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius

Famous Quotes of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) was a respected Roman Emperor  (161–180 CE), a philosopher-king who was the last of Romes so-called Five Good Emperors.  His death in 180 was regarded as the end of the  Pax Romana  and the beginning of instability that led over time to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The reign of Marcus Aurelius is said to have symbolized the Golden Age of the Roman Empire. Known for a Rule of Reason He engaged in a number of wars and military operations aimed at quelling restive neighbors and in a costly and obsessive campaign to extend Romes northern borders. He was not best known for his military acumen, though, but for his thoughtful nature and a rule governed by reason. During his years of military campaigns, he recorded his day-to-day, discursive, fragmentary political thoughts in Greek  in untitled writings that came to be known as his 12-volume Meditations. Revered for His Stoic Thoughts in Meditations Many revere this work as one of the worlds greatest works of philosophy and a significant contribution to the modern understanding of ancient Stoicism. He practiced Stoicism and his writings reflect this philosophy of service and duty, finding balance, and reaching a state of stability and composure in the face of conflict by following nature as inspiration. But it seems his fragmentary, discursive, epigrammatic thoughts, though revered, were not original, but a reflection of the moral tenets of Stoicism, which the slave and philosopher  Epictetus had taught him. Notable Quotes From the Works of Marcus Aurelius A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea that is higher than himself; and a mean man, by one lower than himself. The one produces aspiration; the other ambition, which is the way in which a vulgar man aspires. Accept the things to which fate binds you  and love the people with whom fate brings you together, but do so with all your heart. Adapt yourself to the things among which your lot has been cast and love sincerely the fellow creatures with whom destiny has ordained that you shall live. Anything in any way beautiful derives its beauty from itself and asks nothing beyond itself. Praise is no part of it, for nothing is made worse or better by praise. Because your own strength is unequal to the task, do not assume that it is beyond the powers of man; but if anything is within the powers and province of man, believe that it is within your own compass also. Begin. To begin is half the work, let half still remain; again begin this, and thou wilt have finished. Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul; and observe how all things have reference to one perception, the perception of this one living being; and how all things act with one movement  and how all things are the cooperating causes of all things that  exist; observe too the continuous spinning of the thread and the contexture of the web. Death is a release from the impressions of the senses, and from desires that make us their puppets, and from the vagaries of the mind, and from the hard service of the flesh. Despise not death, but welcome it, for nature wills it like all else. Everything that exists is in a manner the seed of that which will be. Everything that happens happens as it should, and if you observe carefully, you will find this to be so. Execute every act of thy life as though it were thy last. Forward, as occasion offers. Never look round to see whether any shall note it...Be satisfied with success in even the smallest matter, and think that even such a result is no trifle. He who fears death either fears the loss of sensation or a different kind of sensation. But if thou shalt have no sensation, neither wilt thou feel any harm; and if thou shalt acquire another kind of sensation, thou wilt be a different kind of living being and thou wilt not cease to live. It is not death that a man should fear, but he should fear never beginning to live. Let it be your constant method to look into the design of peoples actions and see what they would be at, as often as it is practicable; and to make this custom the more significant, practice it first upon yourself. Let men see, let them know  a real man, who lives as he was meant to live. Look back over the past, with its changing empires that rose and fell, and you can foresee the future, too. Loss is nothing else but change, and change is Natures delight. Natural ability without education has more often raised a man to glory and virtue than education without natural ability. Never let the future disturb you. You will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason which today arm you against the present. Nothing happens to any man that he is not formed by nature to bear. Nothing has such power to broaden the mind as the ability to investigate systematically and truly all that comes under thy observation in life. Nowhere can man find a quieter or more untroubled retreat than in his own soul. Observe constantly that all things take place by change, and accustom thyself to consider that the nature of the Universe loves nothing so much as to change the things that are  and to make new things like them. Perhaps there are none more lazy, or more truly ignorant, than your everlasting readers. Such as are your habitual thoughts, such also will be the character of your mind; for the soul is dyed by the thoughts. The act of dying is one of the acts of life. The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts: therefore, guard accordingly, and take care that you entertain no notions unsuitable to virtue and reasonable nature. The universal order and the personal order are nothing but different expressions and manifestations of a common underlying principle. The universe is transformation; our life is what our thoughts make it. There are three classes into which all the women past 70 that ever I knew were to be divided: 1. That dear old soul; 2. That old woman; 3. That old witch. Time is a sort of river of passing events, and strong is its current; no sooner is a thing brought to sight than it is swept by and another takes its place, and this, too, will be swept away. We are too much accustomed to attribute to a single cause that which is the product of several, and the majority of our controversies come from that. When you arise in the morning, think of what a precious privilege it is to be alive- to breathe, to think, to enjoy, to love. Where a man can live, he can also live well. You have power over your mind- not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength. Your life is what your thoughts make it.

Pro's of distant learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pro's of distant learning - Essay Example eo conferencing, and virtual mode) has been a mechanism that has been used to reach out into communities where individuals want to obtain an education but has not been necessarily easy to obtain using the traditional classroom setting. It has been geared to reach individuals that are at a distance and want to study but are not physically at the university campus and its surroundings and/or do not have time to take these courses using the traditional classroom setting. In today ´s day and age of information technology, distant education continues to exist and many more higher education institutions are offering these non-traditional courses. Information Technology is here to stay. There are different paradigms that are used by institutions of higher education (synchronous/asynchronous). There are forums where the students and the assessor discuss topics, ask questions, and make comments. This type of communication opened infinite possibilities in making distant education accessible to all of those individuals who want to obtain higher education recognition (diploma/degree). The visual mode within distant learning is a powerful asset. You not only communicate by writing and in some instances sound is included, but by having the visual mode incorporated into this virtual paradigm augments the possibilities given the different learning styles. According to Veenema & Gardner (1996) interactive technology could become a valuable tool in education if it takes into consideration how the human mind works. These authors stated that â€Å"†¦cognitivists argue that individuals do not just react to or perform in the world; they possess minds, and these minds contain mental representations-images, schemes, pictures, frames, languages, ideas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 70) They emphasized that some mental representations that individuals have are that they are born with them or are formed at an early age, have proven to be enduring but that others are created, transformed or dissolved over time

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce - Essay Example The changes brought about by the Internet have even broader implications. With the advent of Internet technology, every company becomes a global company, with the means and opportunity to buy and sell from, or strike an alliance with, any company, anywhere, anytime. This golden opportunity brings with it a level of complexity that surpasses anything that all but the most far-flung global enterprises have experienced to date. The recent explosion of information and information technology (IT) has induced corporate management to utilize its ingenuity in creating the best available means to manage the flow of information, control flow channels, and integrate the different assets (both hardware and software) of IT utilized by the different departments and divisions of the corporation. As companies invest heavily in information-based systems, they are vesting more (Cunningham 23-24). Like many processes, the design of a web site can be broken down into simple steps, and each step can then be further broken down in to tasks and actions. Most researches are based on the principle that most large projects can be reduced to ‘bite-sized chunks’, thus reducing the fear factor and avoiding the sense of being overwhelmed by the gargantuan nature of the task ahead (Coltman 57). Creating an action plan, setting achievable targets within sensible deadlines, and distributing responsibility appropriately, will ensure that the project moves forwards as smoothly as possible. There are four basic stages through which the planner has to move to create an effective project plan: awareness, familiarity, understanding and readiness (Eisenberg et al 38). The web is a publishing and communication medium, and as such it needs to be focused on the audience. As with any strategic development, the company should conduct some basic market research prior to the web site development. This will help keep the company planning process focused on the customer and demonstrate that the company is aware of the wider environment in which web site exists. There are many research tools and services on the web that can assist the company with this process (Eisenberg et al 49). When setting up a web site or e-business, the company should do as much research as it can to find out who is offering similar services on-line (and off-line). It is crucial to use search engines, company lists, newsgroups and word of mouth to get as much information on competitors as the company possibly can. Most importantly, the company should not stop researching once the e-company/dotcom is off the ground. It is important to carry on researching and refining (Nielsen 30). For organizations creating a new brand, or launching themselves on to the web for the first time, the selection of an effective domain name can be a difficult process. All the 'good' names seem to have gone, and the organization's preferred domain name might have been taken by someone with no apparent claim to that name (Lucas 98). Trademark and copyright issues aside, choosing a domain name is often simpler than many organizations think: the most important aspects are that it should be memorable, and easy to spell and type. Issues relating to brand reinforcement and literal, descriptive names are secondary, and can be dealt with by effective marketing and explanatory text on the web

Brave New World and Anthem Essay Example for Free

Brave New World and Anthem Essay In both Brave New World and Anthem the underlying themes are very similar. The government controls every aspect of people’s lives, everyone is supposed to be perfectly happy with what role they are given, and the main character do not fit into what the government was deemed normal. While both books have these very similar traits, there are many differences as well; the way the government controls the people, as well as the form of government, the way people of both societies treat each other, and the situation in which the main characters are placed. In both Brave New World and Anthem the government controls everything about a person. In Brave New World the government has taken the ultimate step in controlling the people. The government has taken people’s right to have children away, and instead grow children in labs, dictating what the child’s life will be like from the time the sperm is introduced to the egg. The government adds enhancers if they want the child to come out smart, or things like alcohol to the embryo if they want it to come out stupid. Then the child is put through a series of conditioning treatments that make the child behave exactly how the government wants the child to (Huxley). In Anthem the government has also taken control of every aspect of te people’s lives. They are not as drastic as the government in Brave New World, but they put a child through a conditioning school, they choose the job that the person will do, and they choose when babies will be made. In Anthem the government is a council of leaders that have been chosen by the previous leaders to lead the people, and make them conform to the way that the council wants the people to think. There are councils in every city in Anthem as well as sub-council that control other aspects of life, for example the council of scholars rules over the new inventions, and studies conducted (Rand). Brave New World’s government is a series of people called controllers that rule over a continent, each controller is in charge of everything that happens in the continent be it new discoveries, or what kind of felly to show the people. The controllers have absolute power within their continents, but there is also a world council. Each controller is part of the world council and they make decisions that involve more than one controller’s continent. In the books the government has taken measures to see that everyone is perfectly happy, no matter what the cost of happiness is. In Anthem the children are taught from infancy that they would be perfectly happy if they loved their brothers and did their best to serve them. The children were punished if they tried to do something that their brothers would not like, or would not benefit the rest of the population. This method did not always work because some people where resistant to the ideas, and would always think in a different way that would make them unhappy. Also in Anthem the men are taught to stay happy they must serve their brothers fully and not interact with women at all. It is a crime to interact with women outside of the time of breeding. While in Brave New World the government took the children from birth and used conditioning as well as things like electric shocks to make the children think a certain way. This method is used until the children reach adulthood, and then to keep the population happy they are given a drug called soma. Soma is a mind altering drug ha makes the people happy an forget all their worries. The government convinced everyone that Soma was solution to the unhappiness in the world. Yet, this happiness is one reduced to sheer consumerism, just as politics in the brave new world is degraded to conformism. ( Diken Bulent). More tellingly yet, the only alternative set in the book against this sterile, suffocating civilization is religious fundamentalism (Diken Bulent). Another way that the government in Brave New World fools everyone into thinking that they are happy is by teaching the population that everyone belongs to everyone, and that having sex with as many people as possible as often as possible is a good thing, and is highly encouraged. The main characters in both Brave New World and Anthem do not fit into what the governments see as the perfect world. In Anthem Equality 7-2521 who was born into his society wanted to be a scholar, and help his brothers with his ideas, and inventions, but he was assigned to be a street sweeper. When Equality tried to change his life, and took the light bulb to the scholars hoping that they would accept him into their ranks and let him study with them. Equality was then punished and sentenced to death for trying to help his brothers better themselves, but escaped with his beloved and founded a new colony in which the mind would not be oppressed by the government. In Brave New World John is a boy from a reservation brought into society as an experiment, he does not understand the logic of the people, or the way they are until he meets the controller of the continent. While everyone that was raised in society is very promiscuous, and open with everything, John who was raised on the reservation only wants to be with one person, and keep his relationship private. This goes against everything that the people of civilization believe in. the differences eventually lead to John leaving the city to go live in a lighthouse far from the city. He eventually killed himself because he could no longer handle what was going on in his head, and the things going on around him. Brave New World and Anthem where very similar in the fact that they both had governments that dictated everything, things that where suppose to eliminate unhappiness, and had main characters that did not fit into the world in which they found themselves living. There where also pretty outstanding differences between the books as well though, the way the two societies viewed interactions with the opposite sex, the ways the governments where structured, and most of all the ending of the books. One character goes on to live his life with the one he loves, while the other commits suicide.

Gender Relationships in the Film Love Jones Essay -- Papers Movie Film

Gender Relationships in the Film Love Jones Using the movie Love Jones I will talk about the characteristics of male/male and female/female relationship as they are portrayed in the film. Then I will talk about how different the female/male relationship is and focus primarily on their communication styles. There is some harsh vocabulary included in my essay but only in quotations that I have taken from the movie itself to communicate what was going on in the scenes I have chose to talk about. Female/female relationship Josie and Nina Nina is one of the main characters in this movie and Josie is her best friend. A scene where their friendship is characterized is one where Josie and Nina are riding in a cab. Josie gets upset with Nina (briefly) when she finds out that Nina has had sex with Darius (the other main character) on the first night they went out. The haste in which they have had sex does not bother her as much as the fact that Nina does not tell her. This example is a direct correlation to one of the themes of women?s friendship that intimacy is cultivated through dialogue. This suggest that women build closeness in their friendships dialogue and by Nina not telling, it breaks the code of intimacy in a way. The establishment of a new relationship something like this that is an important part of Nina?s life, and excluding Josie from that is what is troubling her. Even though I do not believe that to be true in this example, that can be argued as a reason Nina doesn?t share. So, once Josie gets over the initial shock of the news, she wants Nina to tell all the details ?how big, how long, everything!? The two women then begin to discuss the sexual relationship as only women can do. Nina says, ?It was lik... ...*in toasted oats? and mumbles some more stuff on the way out of the house. The next morning, Nina is gone without any words of goodbye, but the engagement ring that Marvin had given her was left on his pinky when he woke up to an empty bed. In this scene there are a few places where the communication styles were conflicting. Nina wanted Marvin to be open and welcoming when she came home from work. He was abrasive and demanding, which was not what she wanted at that moment. Also, he was telling her what to do. He wanted her to sit around at home and not work and it was no conducive to her plans. My analysis of these Female/Male relationships is that there is so many problems in them because the ways of communicating are conflicting. I think that in part the break down can also be because people are not willing to try to make the individual situations work.

Private cars should be banned in Hong Kong Essay

In this modern world, the majority of people in rich cities own cars. Cars are cool, comfortable, and convenient. But have people ever thought about and realized the damage private cars are doing to our community? I think not. People buy cars for their own benefit, with no regard for the fact that the emissions from vehicles are contributing to global warming. Moreover, especially in overpopulated Hong Kong, the high density of private cars causes massive traffic jams and accidents. Therefore, the environment would be better off if private cars were banned in Hong Kong. It would not only reduce the effect of global warming, but also decrease the risk of disastrous accidents. Therefore, I strongly believe that all private cars should be banned in Hong Kong for the benefit of our polluted society. Hospital deaths due to respiratory and circulatory diseases, and nitrogen dioxide and respiratory moralities, reflect the impact of air pollution in Hong Kong caused by car emissions. A lot of people are suffering from asthma attack due to the polluted air in Hong Kong. And there is too much oxide going into the atmosphere and producing the greenhouse effect. In Hong Kong, nearly 10 % of the population own cars. And the density of traffic is really high, meaning if everyone drives their car at the same time, there is not enough road space to accommodate all cars. So there will be more traffic jams and a much higher risk of accidents. In one week, there is at least a few car crashes, and on a yearly basis, there is bound to be at least a few hundreds. Also, getting caught in a traffic jam wastes a lot of fuel with undue emissions causing even more air pollution. Fuels are expensive in Hong Kong and fossil fuels are running out rapidly. If people do not take private cars and use public transport instead, then less fuel is used. Every morning when we go to school, there is always traffic jam, and at least half the road space is taken up by private cars. In Hong Kong, rarely a 7 seat car is full. It is almost impossible to find one that is full. So that wastes a lot of space. If people take public transport instead, the seats will be fully utilized. Despite all those disadvantages, I must say that cars are more comfortable than public buses, and that we have more space and freedom inside our own vehicle. Also most people consider taking private cars saves more time than waiting for buses. But have people ever pondered that taking public buses is just as fast without the private cars blocking the road, and having private cars actually obstructs and slows down the travelling speed and therefore wastes even more time. And owning a private car is only for our own selfish enjoyment. People may argue that with more people using private cars, car manufacturers enjoy more business, but that would also mean lower requirement for public vehicles and hence fewer jobs for bus drivers. If everyone believes that every family should own a car, public transport will no longer be in demand and many jobs will be lost to the local community. With all these disadvantages, I believe that establishing a law to ban private cars is the right thing to do. It not only helps save money, decreases the risk of car accidents, eases traffic flows, but also contributes to a better environment. I forcefully urge that we should ban private cars in Hong Kong.

Brand Failures

Companies don't blame the product, (but) they blame the brand. Brands also transformed the process of marketing into a process of perception-building. Image is now everything: consumers consider more important the perception of the brand than the real product. Why branding is everything? Because companies live or die on the strength of the brand: one mistake and the customer can break the loyalty bond RULES why brands fail l. Brand Amnesia. For old brands, memory becomes a problem. When a brand forgets its identity and try to create a new identity, like Coca-Cola with New Coke. Brand Ego. Brand overestimates its importance, believe to dominate the market alone (like Polaroid in the photography market) or enter new markets that don't fit (like Harley Davidson selling perfume) 3. Brand deception. Companies sometimes lie when branding, and today consumers are really connected via Internet and can't be cheated. 4. Brand paranoia. When the brand feels an inferiority complex, imitating the competitors and reinventing the brand every six months. 5. Brand Relevance. When a market evolves, the brands risk to become obsolete.There are some myths associated with branding: I If a product is good, it will have success. This is not always true, Because good products can fail exactly like bad products. For example, Bateman was better than VS., but failed. 2. Brands are more likely to succeed than fail. Wrong. Brands fail every single day, the 80 per cent dies when introduced, and 10 per cent within five years. 3. Big companies Will always have brand success. This is false, because famous brands are also weaker. For example â€Å"New Coke†. 4. Strong brands are built on advertising.Advertising can support brands, but not build them. There are many types of failures, one of them is Classic failures Reasons why brands fail: marketing errors: like setting the wrong price or name or getting paranoid about the competition or consumers can boycott the brand because of a scand al via internet or simply because they are bad ideas New Coke case In the case of New Coke, the brand forgot its identity.

SONG essays

SONG essays The Song dynasty lasted over 300 years, from 960 to 1279. Their history is divided into two periods of northern and southern Song. The Song period was one of Chinas most peaceful and prosperous era. However the Song government was corrupt and weak. The Song Dynasty was a period in which the Chinese government was very weak. In the beginning General Chao Kuang-yin, also known as Sung T ai Tsu, was forced to become emperor in order to unify china. Sung T ai Tsu created a national army under his direct control. Once he had passed away his less competent successors were unable to keep the military under control, the military increasingly lost prestige. The weakening of Chinas military, coincided with the rise of strong nomadic nations on the boarders. During the same time of the military loss of prestige, the civil service rose in dignity. This was an examination system that had been restored in Sui and T ang and was further elaborated and regularized. Selection examinations were help every three years at the district, provincial and metropolitan levels. Only 200 ou0t of thousands of applicants were granted the jinshi degree. This was the ghgest degree and appointed on government posts. From this time on civil servants became china most envied elite, replacing the hereditary nobles and landlords. The Song dynasty only extended over to the parts of earlier Chinese empires. The Khitans controlled the northeastern territories and the His Hsia controlled the northwestern territories. The Song emperors were unable to recover those lands so they were forced to make peace with the Khitans and the His Hsia. They gave massive amounts of payments to the barbarins under these peace terms, it depleted the state treasury and cause heavy payment on taxpaying peasants. About 100 years after the Songs first started ruling over china their government started to go through a major decline. Officaials...

All About the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution

All About the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution The Eighth Amendment reads:   Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Why Bail is Crucial Defendants who are not released on bail have greater difficulty preparing their defenses. Theyre effectively punished with imprisonment until their time of trial. Decisions regarding bail should not be made lightly. Bail is set extremely high or sometimes denied entirely when a defendant is charged with an extremely serious offense and/or if he poses a flight risk or great potential danger to the community. But in the majority of criminal trials, bail should be available and affordable. Its All About the Benjamins Civil libertarians tend to overlook fines, but the matter is not insignificant in a capitalist system. By their very nature, fines are anti-egalitarian. A $25,000 fine levied against an extremely wealthy defendant might only impact his discretionary income. A $25,000 fine levied against a less wealthy defendant can potentially have a long-term effect on basic medical care, educational opportunities, transportation and food security. Most convicts are poor so the issue of excessive fines is central to our criminal justice system. Cruel and Unusual The most frequently cited part of the Eighth Amendment deals with its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, but what does this mean in practical terms?   Dont ask the founding fathers:  The Crimes Act of 1790 mandates the death penalty for treason and it also mandates mutilation of the corpse. By contemporary standards, corpse mutilation would certainly be regarded as cruel and unusual. Floggings were also common at the time of the Bill of Rights, but today floggings would be regarded as cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment is more clearly affected by societal change than any other amendment in the Constitution because the very nature of the phrase cruel and unusual appeals to evolving societal standards.Torture and prison conditions: The Eighth Amendment certainly prohibits the torture of U.S. citizens in a contemporary context although torture is generally used as an interrogation method, not as an official form of punishment. Inhumane prison conditions also violate the Eighth Amendment even though they dont constitute part of the official sentence. In other words, the Eighth Amendment refers to de facto punishments whether the y are officially handed down as punishments or not. The death penalty: The U.S. Supreme Court found that the death penalty, which was applied capriciously and on a racially discriminatory basis, violated the Eighth Amendment in Furman v. Georgia in 1972. These death penalties are cruel and unusual, Justice Potter Stewart wrote in the majority opinion, in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual. The death penalty was reinstated in 1976 after serious revisions were made.Specific methods of execution prohibited:  The death penalty is legal, but not all methods of enforcing it are. Some, such as crucifixion and death by stoning, are obviously unconstitutional. Others, such as the gas chamber, have been declared unconstitutional by courts. And still others, such as hanging and death by a firing squad, have not been regarded as unconstitutional but are no longer in common use.The lethal injection controversy: The State of Florida declared a moratorium on lethal injection and a de facto moratorium on the death pena lty as a whole after reports that Angel Diaz was essentially tortured to death during a botched execution. Lethal injection in humans is not simply a matter of putting the defendant to sleep. It involves three drugs. The strong sedative effect of the first is intended to prevent the excruciating effects of the latter two.

Whats Your Dangerous Idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Whats Your Dangerous Idea - Essay Example Common people or the governed want to be left on their own to manage their own affairs. On the other hand, the ruling class or the elites are always seeking for a pretext such as war, social disorder and poverty to increase their power over common people, hence, even in the aristocratic nation, one expects the ruled in defending their interests to delay the growth and development of centralized authority. Aristocracies or governments that repress class conflicts are always successful. For instance, countries such as ancient Rome and U.S became powerful and successful because her citizens were warlike and truculent (Machiavelli 23). Politics and religion were distinct in the sense that people in ancient Rome were not godly and absolute in anyway but they are still in a position to provide vital insight in how people operated. This is the platform and foundation of political thoughts, and how the society is to be planned and organized so that every individual benefits. My political theory offers a cure to the diseased politics in the sense that my interest in the conflicts in early societies is a reflection of my personal concerns with current state which is rife with conflict. For instance, there was tension between the Italian bourgeois and the nobility, and the poor were excluded from other social classes in society. Therefore, with all these dissensions, someone has to emerge as a winner while another as a loser. In such a case, the loser has to submit to the winner in order to establish social stability (Machiavelli 55). Politics is not similar to science because of the absence of absolute rules and regulations for how to attain and maintain authority. There are certain actions to be taken but not police to resolutely and absolutely direct ad guide people’s actions. This is because contexts, time and situations transform. Therefore, the ruler or president will not remain

Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacy - Essay Example Another challenge that will be faced by pharmacists in the upcoming years (as it is today, too) is staying up-to-date. A pharmacist is expected to be in step with all possible new information in his/her field. This means being aware and familiar with the new medical information that is released and new meds that are developed and put on sale. As the information in our field is constantly changing, it is paramount to stay in the know. A pharmacist can overcome this challenge decently with help of keeping a close watch on medical news, reading current medical journals and participating in Continuous Education (CE) programs. In general, a pharmacist should seek out information that will broaden his/her horizons and improve overall knowledge. Regardless of the field of pharmacology we are involved in, we will need to interact with patients for sure. This is the part of work that will stay unchangeable and relevant forever. Although this challenge may be looming for some of us, working with patients is an integral part of pharmacy. The specificity of the target group pharmacists work with and considering all the characteristic aspects are very important. Thus, pharmacists should work on a patient-friendly communication style. It is important that complex medical information is delivered to patients in a way easily understood by them. Moreover, our target group typically includes people who are not in the pink, i.e. suffering from pain or illness. That should be kept in mind when working with patients in order to approach them with respect and provide qualified assistance. As pharmacists we all will face many complicated tasks and challenges during our professional career. However, right attitude, appropriate communication style and growing knowledge base, could help us to turn challenges into personally and professionally rewarding experiences. As my primary goal is to gain profound knowledge and professional qualification that would allow me to

Implication of Global Warming on Organizational Leadership Essay - 1

Implication of Global Warming on Organizational Leadership - Essay Example Although the twentieth – century is still young, recently a variety events and concerns have surfaced that pose as major challenge for contemporary business world. In recent years, climate change has developed from being a fringe concern within the corporate world, addressed primarily through a company’s corporate and social responsibility, to an increasingly central topic for strategic deliberation and decision – making by executives and investors around the globe. Climate changes issues are among the most urgent global challenges in international business arena. The international environment issue attracted much more attention from politics, civil society, the media and business because of its actual and potential impact. With wide spread industrialization, the environmental impact of fossil fuels has taken centre stage in an international debate over the phenomenon known as global warming. The global warming affects several regions of the world adversely and hence industries around the world are at a major threat from environment. The responsibilities of MNCs with regard to global warming are huge and a strategic move from leaders of international business would make much difference. The Concept of Global Warming The phrase global warming has become familiar to many people as one of the most important environmental issue of our day. Human activities of all kinds whether in industry, in the field , or concerned with transport or the home are resulting in emission of increasing quantities of gas, in particular carbon – did- oxide, into the atmosphere. Every year these emissions currently add to the carbon already present in the atmosphere carbon dioxide a further seven thousand million tones, much of which is likely to remain there for a hundred years or more.

Toyota Philosophy of Kaizen

Toyota Philosophy of Kaizen In the bend of the seventies, the scientific management (Taylorism and Fordism) appears in gap growing, out of step with the new standards of the society. Henceforth markets require diversified and reliable (even individualized!) products. That implies flexibility, reactivity, innovation. These constraints require the implication, the motivation, the versatility, the initiative and the ability to react from the employees, to the detriment of strict submission and obedience. A new logic of production (adaptation of the productive system to the requirements of the market) was required: Toyotism appeared. Toyota Motors Corporation is today the largest vehicle manufacturer in the world. Toyotas success is due to two mains techniques created by Taiichi OHNO (1912-1990), a former president of Toyota in order to compete with the American car industry (Ford particularly). He invented the TPS: Toyota Production System, also named Toyotism and the JIT: just in time. This model was implemented by Toyota since 1962. Those working organization forms were then broadcasted to the USA and Europe. First we will define what is Toyotism, then we will study the evolution of the Toyotism forms and finally, we will see how Toyotism lead to Toyotas management today. About Toyotism Major principles Toyotism has two major principles: the just in time system and the autonomation system. The just in time system which means production in just in time conditions contributes to eliminate inventory. Indeed, stocks are very expensive for the company because it is necessary to conserve goods in perfect shape in huge buildings. Indeed, some goods require a special preservation system which can also be very costly. You also need to pay for storage building. Moreover, the produced goods have generated costs (especially in a country like Japan were space is limited), that are not compensated by sales. More precisely, inventory reduction relies on the Kanban method that consists in producing when demand manifests itself. We start from the command sent to the company to go back upstream to the fabrication level. Thus, it is the final consumer that launches production. Production is then said to be in tight management or in tense flows, contrary to Fordism. Indeed, thanks to just in time (the approach of continuous and forced problem solving via a focus on rapid throughput and reduced inventory), products or raw materials necessary to production arrive when and where they are needed. No more waste and no more delays, so it reduces costs! Thus, the JIT production helps reducing cost by eliminating waste, removing variability and improving throughput. Autonomation (= autonomy + automation) or auto-activation is the second Toyotism principle. The kaizen perfectly describes the principle of continuous improvement of the system. The kaizen is the principle of empowerment of the teams to define standard durations of production and to divide up the diverse manufacturing operations of a product, in order to work more effectively and faster. Empowerment is based on the despecialisation and on the flexibility of the workers. For instance, simple and cheap stop devices are equipped on machines, which allow the supervision of several machines by the same operator. In case of a breakdown or a defect, the worker stops the assembly chain and tries to solve the problem himself. Thus, the employee has to be versatile and qualified enough. Machines are more automated and workers are more autonomous! They improve the human aspect of autonomation. A new working organization form Through those two innovations: the just in time system and the autonomation system, Toyotism aims at obtaining the 5 zeros, also qualified as Lean Production in USA. The Toyotism method consists in reducing production costs, avoid overproduction, reduce delays and produce the best quality possible. So the five conditions are: 0 delay (Just in time production. This method consists in waiting for the commands before producing but they need to be very reactive.) 0 stock (No overproduction so no inventory cost.) 0 paper (No intern paperwork and hierarchy weakening.) 0 default (No good has to be faulty, so as to avoid reparation costs and to satisfy the client) 0 weakening (Thanks to a regular and rigorous maintenance, machines have no defect.) Any activity or decision that does not add value in the customers mind  is considered a waste. Indeed, it is the customer who defines the value of the product. Waste reduction is an effective way to increase profitability. Therefore, Taiichi Onho identified seven categories of wastes: Overproduction (as seen above, overproduction requires inventory  which is a waste of money) Waiting (idle time, storage and waiting are wastes: indeed, if an employee has to queue for his material to start working, you pay him at doing nothing but waiting! Also if a good is neither being transported nor being processed, it is waiting and a good kept waiting is a good that is not being sold, so its a good that does not generate revenue.) Transportation (every time you move a product, you take the risk that it can be damaged or lost or delayed. Moreover, transportation is expensive and it is a real cost that does not add a special value to the product.) Inventory (inventory represents an outlay because your raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP), or finished goods are not producing any income or added value.) Motion (unnecessary movements of equipment or people) Defective products (new extra costs are incurred when your products are faulty: you have to face returns, warranty claims.Sometimes you are also obliged to change all the components or to reschedule the whole production! Defects are a waste of time and money.) Overprocessing (doing work that adds no value in the eye of the customer, or using very precise, complex and expensive manufacturing machines when they are not necessary, is a waste.) To sum up, Toyotism principles are the continuous improvement of the processes (kaizen) by the engineers of production and by the operators themselves, and a production running downstream. Indeed, the buyers orders are given to the production center then executed. It authorizes a lot of flexibility and eliminates stocks; the production that is made in tense flows. Toyotism combines the principles of versatility and autonomy of the operators to improve the productive efficiency. Toyotism seems to reconcile productivity and efficiency, and considering the human factor, to propose richer and more developed tasks. But all these aspects require to produce quickly very diverse cars of excellent quality. Thus, it is important to determine a work organization that can reconcile speed, flexibility and quality. Indeed, despite of its evident successes, Toyotism is today disputed by the workers themselves. It seems that productivity gains in the Japanese factories were obtained by a stress management, it is to say by a tension, a permanent pressure from executives and engineers on the workers. Finally, the employees implication and motivation is obtained by stress. Evolution of Toyotism Toyotism dissent Inquiries on the working conditions have highlighted that the application of the Toyotism, far from leading to self-fulfillment of the workforce, was, on the contrary, translated into work intensification. Indeed, the work is often less repetitive than in the past and certain painful physical tasks were able to be mechanized, but other constraints have appeared. The production running downstream means that the production has to react to the requests of the clients. In a company such as Toyota, these requests are obviously indirect: they express themselves through the variety of the production in answer to the demand of the distributor. As an example, Toyota factories can build eight different models on the same production line and the company proposes 60 different models in Japan, without counting the specific versions in the production units outside Japan. The subcontracted parts, such as seats are ordered to the supplier once the car has entered the production line, and are delivered in a few hours. So the deadline constraint is intensified by the production in tense flows. Previously, the operators negotiated their rhythm or their working time with the Direction. In the new organization, it ensues from interactions with the clientele. A commercial constraint is added to the industrial constraint. The impact of the work organization is increased by the use of information and communication techniques which deepen the commercial constraint. For example, the devices of traceability allow the customer to know at any time at what stage is his order is, and who deals with it! More and more employees have standards and deadlines to meet, in order to answer quickly to the demand requirements. Besides the extension of the work under cadence, we observe an increase of the repetitive work. The versatility consists, for an operator, to perform several successive elementary operations of a manufacturing line. So the versatility remains confined in elementary tasks: the worker must be able to adapt himself to the new simple and repetitive tasks imposed to him. It corresponds more to a flexibilisation of the tasks than to an enrichment. The polyactivity doesnt imply an important increase of the qualification of the operator: the autonomy is to be put into perspective. Furthermore, the part of the individual decision-making in the daily activities of the operator remains very limited. All these arguments can explain why the workforce quickly contested Toyotism: improving this new production logic was imperative. New forms of Toyotism In order to answer and react to the growing dispute and to be more productive, Toyota developed and improved new working organization forms. These innovations are implemented differently depending on the production site. Quality circles Quality circles are meetings held outside working hours and on a voluntary basis, to solve certain problems and perfect the production process. Its a workgroup consisting of operators and executives, established around the kaizen activities, which covers questions of quality, maintenance, safety, cost price. Besides, it allows to defuse conflicts, which are sources of losses for the company. By favoring the communication between the employees, through regular meetings, the mobilization and the motivation of the employees are increased, and the quality of products improves. The post rotation It consists of a workforce rotation on the various posts of the same assembly chain, to break the dullness of the work. However, the rotation did not really become widespread, probably because not so much needed by the company. The task extension It consists in grouping together various tasks for the same workstation. The task extension contributes to limiting the horizontal division of the work. The task enrichment It consists in improving the workers motivation by augmenting the interest of their work, by adding for example tasks considered more developing such as the control, the maintenance The tasks enrichment contributes to limiting the vertical division of the work. The participative management It consists in associating the employees to the process of decision regarding the organization of the daily work, the evolution of the results The management by objectives The superiors assign objectives to their subordinates, without defining precise modalities, and they will be evaluated on the difference between the objectives and the obtained results. The semiautonomous teamwork It consists in constituting a group of workers whose members are in charge of defining by themselves the working modalities allowing them to reach the company objectives. This mode of organization relies on the auto-organization and the self-regulation of the group, because the group is collectively responsible for the production. During the 70s, Toyotism was seen as the key to assert in competition. Indeed, the decline of costs, the productivity and quality improvements were more organizational innovations than technological innovations. But the functioning conditions of Toyotas productive organization cannot be pushed farther, in particular as regards the tension on the flows of supply and on the working strength: the intensity of the work cannot be any more increased! Management in Toyota today Management development and learning organizations Since the 80s, the set up system meets certain limits (seen above) and, confronted with new elements such as the decline of the dollar and the increase of the yen, as well as the sourness of the international competition, Toyota had to opt for new strategies. Thus, Toyota adopted an offensive strategy but also a defensive strategy. The defensive strategy consists in favoring a policy of internationalization of the production. Major principles are that products, production centers and management must be adapted to the working local conditions. Furthermore, the local profits must be reinvested locally. Nowadays, Toyota really focuses on understanding the consumer needs and his wants. As an example, today, most of Toyotas plants are outside Japan. They implanted their manufactures where the demand was, in order to better to satisfy it and to reduce transportation costs. Moreover, transportation does not add any value that the customer is eager to pay for. Instead, the customer is willing to pay the product less, whereas, because of transportation, the price increases. This is a concrete example of Toyotas new management. Toyota can easily satisfy the demand because Toyota is where the demand is. The offensive strategy consists in looking for a diversification in production. As an example, a branch of Toyota dashed into Research Development and into electronic production (integrated circuits). In the book Toyota Way written by Jeffrey Liker, 14 management principles are identified. According to the author, those principles make Toyota the worlds greatest manufacturer. Become a Learning Organization is one of these principles. Its possible to summarize Toyotas learning organization in three key elements:   Identify root causes and develop countermeasures. By asking the question why as many times as possible, Toyota determines the root cause of a problem. Use Hansei: responsibility, self-reflection, and organizational learning. Hansei is a concept that Toyota uses as a practical improvement tool like Kaizen: improvements are fed back into the organization and then disseminated. Utilize policy deployment (Hoshin Kanri) This method consists in fixing strategic goals, measuring todays success and planning the future: Toyota wants measurable and concrete objectives. Toyota has well understood that the learning by the practice (learning by doing) allowed every car to be more effectively produced than the previous one. The learning by the practice is the increase of the knowledge bound to the exercise of the productive activity. The continual evolution of the organization is justified for any complex process because the problems and the ideal solutions do not appear immediately at the stage of the conception of the process of production; it is also the consequence of the adaptation to the market. Toyotas culture: the Toyota way The Toyota Way describes the promoted values that comprises Toyotas culture and guides the daily decision making of its employees. It rests on 2 fundamental pillars: Challenge: seeing problems as challenges will help improving the global performance. Kaizen: continuous improvement which is embedded in the belief that employees should come to work each day with the goal of becoming better than the day before. Genchi Genbutsu: going to the source to find the factors that can help make the best decisions, build consensus and achieve goals. As an example, a solution is easily built around arguments based on facts rather than relying on hearsays. Respect: expressing different opinions in ways that respect others, emphasizing everyone for their skills and knowledge, trying to understand and listen to each other, building mutual trust Teamwork: sharing knowledge, maximizing individual and team performance, putting the firms interest before individual interests. The goal of such an organization is to match people with tasks that inspire them and that best utilize their abilities. It is also to design tasks and strategies that can cope with environmental demands and opportunities. The firms culture should reinforce these efforts. One of the reasons Toyota has been so successful for so many years is the alignment among these aspects. Toyotas culture is very strong and it is a real strength for the company, the Toyota way will hopefully help sustain their success in the future: until today, no other company could have the same specific culture. Toyota tries to combine adaptation and quality within an organization leading to qualification. Conclusion Toyota was a formerly small company that outwitted bigger competitors to become the worlds largest automaker, thanks to the philosophy of continuous improvements. The expectation of this philosophy is that empowered employees will work with a committed management to build systems that respond to customers with ever-lower cost and higher quality. Their current success in not their final achievement, they are never satisfied and always want to improve their actions. Toyota wants to discover and improve better alternatives, rethink their accomplishments, investigate future possible successes: they commit to improve continuously!

Hemingway Style Analysis Essay -- essays research papers fc

1 Earnest Hemingway is one of Americas foremost authors. His many works, their style, themes and parallels to his actual life have been the focus of millions of people as his writing style set him apart from all other authors. Many conclusions and parallels can be derived from Earnest Hemingway's works. In the three stories I review, ?Hills Like White Elephants?, ?Indian Camp? and ?A Clean, Well-lighted Place? we will be covering how Hemingway uses foreigners, the service industry and females as the backbones of these stories. These techniques play such a critical role in the following stories that Hemingway would be unable to move the plot or character development forward without them. In ?Hills Like White Elephants? Hemingway utilizes the waitress as a method to help develop the character of the lead male. His interaction at the beginning of the story with the waitress in her native language show his intellectual superiority which is also emphasized in the following line, ?The girl looked at the bead curtain. 'They've painted something on it,' she said. 'What does it say?'? (Hemingway). This setup is a crucial transition from the blank slate we start at with both characters. The story of course unfolds following what the interaction with the waitress and bar setting created for us. One in which the lead male character is dominant, controlling and a person who provides information and answers not available to the female character. Additionally the male characters treatment of the female waitress creates the building blocks for our understanding of how he interacts with females. He never mentions please or thank you 2 when ordering or receiving their first drinks and by the second round acts in the follow way, ?The man called 'Listen' through the curtain.? when addressing the waitress (Hemingway). It is only a few lines later he begins semi-jokingly and in condescending manner scolding his female partner. The condescending remarks start with, ?'Just because you say I wouldn't have doesn't prove anything.'? the man replies to her assertion that he hasn't seen white elephants (Hashmi). Besides being hot in this story, the males only burden is that he is trying to persuade his female partner to his views as he tries to coach her through the remaining portion of the dialog manipulative lines such as, ?'Well,' the man said, 'if you don't want to you don't ha... ...hite Elephants? The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Ed. R. V. Cassill. New York: W. W. Norton, 1990. - - -. ?Indian Camp? The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. Ed. Martin Kohn. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966. Secondary Sources Nagel, James. ?Earnest Hemingway : A Centennial Assesment?. Online http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/stories/nagel/ Hashmi, Nilofer. "Hills Like White Elephants": The Jilting of Jig." Hemingway Review Vol. 23 Issue 1; fall (2003): 72. Fantina, Richard. ?Hemingway's Maschoism, Sodomy, and the Dominant Woman? The Hemingway Review. Online. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hemingway_review/v023/23.1fantina.html Strychacz Thomas. ?Hemingway's Theaters of Masculinity? Louisiana State University Press. Online. http://www.lsu.edu/lsupress/catalog/Fall2003/books/Strychacz_Hemingway.html

Theories of Unemployment

Theories of Unemployment: The article that I took was from the Irish Independent which was printed on the Wednesday 2nd February 2011. 5,700 more jobless signing on The number of people signing on for benefits increased by more than 5,700 in the last 12 months, official figures revealed today. There were 442,677 people on the dole in January, taking the unemployment  rate to 13. 4pc – a slight fall on the previous month. Separate figures compiled by the Government revealed there were 4,893 redundancies in January. Labour enterprise spokesman  Willie Penrose  said more than 400,000 people have been on the dole for 20 months. Everyone knows that the figure would be even higher, were it not for the phenomenon of resumed emigration,† he said. â€Å"Nothing summarises the dismal failure of this Government as much as their record on unemployment. † The Live Register – which recorded a fall of 6,900 people signing on last month alone, according to new measur ements of seasonal factors – has seen its smallest overall increase for January in three years. Avine McNally, director of the Small Firms Association, said it appeared the unemployment crisis has stabilised. Small firms are the ‘engines of recovery' and real and meaningful growth will come from the small business sector, but that is unlikely to happen for some time yet, as many firms are struggling to survive, due to cashflow difficulties, input costs from Government-administered sectors, and restricted access to credit,† she said. Umbrella trade union group Congress said the harsh fact was that the true number of people signing on increased by thousands last month. Paul Sweeney, the group's economic adviser, said: â€Å"The cold fact is that that there are a frightening 273,000 less people at work today in  Ireland  compared to 2007.Furthermore, net emigration will be over 60,000 this year. â€Å"Jobs are the biggest challenge for any new Government. † Youth Work Ireland, which represents 22 voluntary youth groups, said unemployment is the number one issue in Irish society. Spokesman Michael Mc Loughlin said: â€Å"If young people drift into long term unemployment in substantial numbers it may be hard to rescue that situation when any recovery occurs. † He added: â€Å"There must be a dedicated jobs strategy for young people if we are to avoid a return to the massive migration of the 1980s which so decimated communities. â€Å"Increased emigration amongst young people is a major economic issue as this group has been very well educated, now a different country will reap the benefit of this investment and Ireland will lack the people and the skills to build a smart economy. † Reetta Suonpera, senior economist with business lobby group Ibec, said: â€Å"Although some sectors such as construction will continue to lose jobs during 2011, overall the situation in the labour market is stabilising and unemployment is now nearing its peak. Fine Gael  enterprise spokesman  Richard Bruton  said emigration was acting like a pressure valve on the unemployment figures. â€Å"This is a crisis. Ireland's unemployment crisis is crying out for a targeted solution,† he said. Mr Bruton claimed Fine Gael was the only party to have put forward a credible jobs plan which it could implement if put into power. â€Å"The other political parties just don't have the plans for jobs,† he said. â€Å"Labour's high-tax approach won't get people working, and  Fianna Fail  is a busted flush on the economy.Fine Gael is the only party with a credible plan to get the economy working. † The way in which this article is written is from neoclassical point of view which is most common in western societies. Even though it is not mentioned the author of the article and some contributors are talking about Full Employment, when the optimum number of people are either employed within the economy. In this article they feel at the moment the Irish economy has Full Employment.That is due to that at the moment there are not any new jobs available and the fact that due to emigration the Irish work force is getting smaller due to the fact people are leaving the country. As we can see this follows the neoclassical idea as the labour market moves toward full employment automatically. The reason in which that the levels of unemployment are so at this time is due to the fact that consumers are unwilling to spend money on goods and services as a lot of people are having problems with their current so employees need to make less produce so they are been forced to lose their jobs.This is due to the law of diminishing marginal productivity of labour, when you employ someone it is the how many extra goods they do or don’t produce compared to the last employee. If you have 10 employees and your tenth employee makes 9 goods a week but your ninth employee makes 11 goods a week, the tenth emplo yee makes 2 less than the ninth employee so it makes sense to make the tenth employee redundant as you are not making any money off that employee. Another reason for the fall in employment is the cost to an employer to employ his employees.The neoclassical believe that when wages are flexible then you will get full employment. However a reason for unemployment is that these wages were not flexible but were very rigid. Rigidities were caused by labour unions, minimum wage legislation or other anti-competitive practices. Labour unions in the time of economic growth asked for wage raises which they got but in a time of economic recession they are unwilling for their employees take a pay cut but instead this leads to many more employees been laid off.There is also a similar truth in the minimum wage legislation, it was at a good level during the boom years but when the recession hit it was clear that the government didn’t readjust the level to try and help more people on minimum wage to keep their job during the time of economic recession. At the current time some of these rigidities have been removed so we are now approaching full employment. The Irish people have one of the highest rates of unemployment in Europe at the moment with a rate of 13. % and in a twelve month period more than 5,700 signed on for benefits. At the moment the number of people on the dole is 442,677. In the article it is said that small businesses will kick start the economy but at the moment it won’t happen as there are cash flow problems, excess costs been put on businesses by the government and there is restricted access to credit by the reluctance of banks to lend money out as they cannot afford to write off more bad loans and put them into NAMA as well.They also state that at the moment certain sectors like construction will still see many more redundancies but sectors like the smart economy will see growth in the coming years. They are also trying in the article to say that the current unemployment is stabilising and hopefully in the next coming months and years there will be an upturn in the levels of unemployment and there will be fall in emigration aswell.

Cultural Anthropology Essay

â€Å"The word anthropology is derived from the Greek words anthropo, meaning â€Å"human beings† or â€Å"humankind,† and logia, translated as â€Å"knowledge of† or â€Å"the study of.†1 Likewise, it is a study which comprises four subfields: the physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology or ethnology, which constitutes a broad approach to the study of humanity.2 Furthermore, â€Å"Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.†3 Consequently, anthropology is a study or discourse of human being which deals human condition in every particular context and time, both past and present. It is a study that deals humans as biological species, as beings with culture and language present in a society, and so on. b. Cultural Anthropology â€Å"Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture, the subfield that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.4 So, it is in this field that human beings are studied in a cultural perspective in order to identify the commonality and difference of one culture to the other. Likewise, â€Å"Cultural anthropology or ethnology is the subfield of anthropology that examines various contemporary societies and cultures throughout the world.†5 Therefore, it does not study human being individually but societally or as a group, in order to come up with a generalization of their way of life. c. Ethnology â€Å"Ethnology examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of ethnography—the data gathered in different societies.†6 Likewise, â€Å"ethnology is the comparative science that attempts to identify and explain cultural differences and similarities, test hypotheses, and build theory to enhance our understanding of how social and cultural systems work.7 Thus, ethnology is the science in which the data gathered by the cultural anthropologist  from the different societies through observation are put into analysis and examination. In other words, it is a cross-cultural study. By this, cultural anthropologists describe the similarities and differences of one culture from the other and make generalization about society and culture. 2. What are the two approaches we use in the study of Anthropology? There are two ways of developing testable propositions: the inductive method and the deductive method. In the inductive method, the scientist first makes observations and collects data. On the other hand, deductive method of scientific research begins with a general theory from which scientists develop testable hypotheses. Data are then collected to evaluate these hypotheses. 3. Why the study of Anthropology is important today? Studying human beings, Anthropology is very important today for it examines, analyzes, compares and makes generalization about how people live and behave. In fact, it is so vital to study it these days for this field deals not only the present generation of the human kind but also even those of the past, the history and artifacts, with their way of life basically analyzed and is compared to what we have today. Likewise, it is also crucial to discuss this subject matter, especially cultural anthropology, for it gives anybody a kind of self-awareness to cultural diversity. Hence, anthropology will make us aware of cross-cultural understanding in this diverse world and appreciate the uniqueness of one culture to the other. Furthermore, studying so would give us knowledge in order to avoid ethnocentrism or superiority of one culture to the other for no culture is actually higher than the other. On one hand, anthropology contributes to a general liberal arts education, which helps students develop intellectually and personally, as well as professionally.8 So, it is important as well to study anthropology nowadays for it tries to investigate human condition according to four perspectives, namely, the physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology, which is needed in every career that one may take. Well, for us, seminarians, I think it is an imperative to have knowledge about this course for it enables us to develop our understanding, especially when it comes to cross-cultural one, as future missionaries to foreign lands  someday.